S 1114 ISCommentsClose CommentsPermalink

To reiterate the exclusivity of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 as the sole authority to permit the conduct of electronic surveillance, to modernize surveillance authorities, and for other purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

April 16, 2007

Mrs. FEINSTEIN (for herself and Mr. SPECTER) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on the JudiciaryCommentsClose CommentsPermalink

To reiterate the exclusivity of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 as the sole authority to permit the conduct of electronic surveillance, to modernize surveillance authorities, and for other purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(a) Short Title- This Act may be cited as the `Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Improvement and Enhancement Act of 2007'.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Table of Contents- The table of contents for this Act is as follows:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 2. Definitions.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE I--CONSTRUCTION OF FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AUTHORITY

Sec. 101. Reiteration of chapters 119, 121, and 206 of title 18, United States Code, and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 as exclusive means by which domestic electronic surveillance may be conducted.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 102. Specific authorization required for any repeal or modification of title I of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 103. Information for Congress on the terrorist surveillance program and similar programs.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 104. Supreme Court review of the Terrorist Surveillance Program.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE II--APPLICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE FOR FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE PURPOSES

Sec. 201. Extension of period for applications for orders for emergency electronic surveillance.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 202. Additional authority for emergency electronic surveillance.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 203. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court matters.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 204. Document management system for applications for orders approving electronic surveillance.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 205. Additional personnel for preparation and consideration of applications for orders approving electronic surveillance.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 206. Training of Federal Bureau of Investigation and National Security Agency personnel in foreign intelligence surveillance matters.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 207. Enhancement of electronic surveillance authority in wartime.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE III--CLARIFICATIONS TO THE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT OF 1978

Sec. 301. Acquisition of foreign-foreign communications.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 302. Individualized FISA orders.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE IV--OTHER MATTERS

Sec. 401. Authorization of appropriations.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 402. Effective date.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

In this Act:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) CONGRESSIONAL INTELLIGENCE COMMITTEES- The term `congressional intelligence committees' means--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE COURT- The term `Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court' means the court established by section 103(a) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803(a)).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) UNITED STATES PERSON- The term `United States person' has the meaning given such term in section 101(i) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801(i)).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE I--CONSTRUCTION OF FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE AUTHORITY

SEC. 101. REITERATION OF CHAPTERS 119, 121, AND 206 OF TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE, AND FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT OF 1978 AS EXCLUSIVE MEANS BY WHICH DOMESTIC ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE MAY BE CONDUCTED.

(a) Exclusive Means- Notwithstanding any other provision of law, chapters 119, 121, and 206 of title 18, United States Code, and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) shall be the exclusive means by which electronic surveillance (as that term is defined in section 101(f) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801(f)) may be conducted.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Amendment to Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978- Section 109(a) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1809(a)) is amended by striking `authorized by statute' each place it appears and inserting `authorized by this title or chapter 119, 121, or 206 of title 18, United States Code'.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(c) Amendment to Title 18, United States Code- Section 2511(2)(a)(ii)(B) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking `statutory requirements' and inserting `requirements under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), this chapter, or chapters 121 or 206 of this title'.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 102. SPECIFIC AUTHORIZATION REQUIRED FOR ANY REPEAL OR MODIFICATION OF TITLE I OF THE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT OF 1978.

(a) In General- Title I of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 109 the following new section:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`SPECIFIC AUTHORIZATION REQUIRED FOR ANY REPEAL OR MODIFICATION OF TITLE

`Sec. 109A. No provision of law shall be construed to implicitly repeal or modify this title or any provision thereof, nor shall any provision of law be deemed to repeal or modify this title in any manner unless such provision of law, if enacted after the date of the enactment of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Improvement and Enhancement Act of 2007, expressly amends or otherwise specifically cites this title.'.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Clerical Amendment- The table of contents for that Act is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 109 the following new item:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`Sec. 109A. Specific authorization required for any repeal or modification of title.'.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 103. INFORMATION FOR CONGRESS ON THE TERRORIST SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM AND SIMILAR PROGRAMS.

As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act, but not later than seven days after such date, the President shall brief and inform each member of the congressional intelligence committees on the following:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) The Terrorist Surveillance Program of the National Security Agency.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) Any program which involves, whether in part or in whole, the electronic surveillance of United States persons in the United States for foreign intelligence purposes, and which is conducted by any department, agency, or other element of the United States Government, or by any entity at the direction of a department, agency, or other element of the United States Government, without fully complying with the procedures set forth in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) or chapter 119, 121, or 206 of title 18, United States Code.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 104. SUPREME COURT REVIEW OF THE TERRORIST SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM.

(a) In General- Upon petition by the United States or any party to the underlying proceedings, the Supreme Court of the United States shall review a final decision on the merits concerning the constitutionality of the Terrorist Surveillance Program in at least one case that is pending in the courts of the United States on the date of enactment of this Act.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Expedited Consideration- It shall be the duty of the Supreme Court of the United States to advance on the docket and to expedite to the greatest possible extent the disposition of any matter brought under subsection (a).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(c) Definition- In this section, the term `Terrorist Surveillance Program' means the program identified by the President on December 17, 2005, to intercept international communications into and out of the United States of persons linked to al Qaeda or related terrorist organizations.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE II--APPLICATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE FOR FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE PURPOSES

SEC. 201. EXTENSION OF PERIOD FOR APPLICATIONS FOR ORDERS FOR EMERGENCY ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE.

Section 105(f) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1805(f)) is amended by striking `72 hours' both places it appears and inserting `168 hours'.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 202. ADDITIONAL AUTHORITY FOR EMERGENCY ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE.

Section 105 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1805) is amended--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) by redesignating subsections (g), (h), (i), and (j) as subsections (h), (i), (j), and (k), respectively; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) by inserting after subsection (f) the following new subsection (g):CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(g)(1)(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title and subject to the provisions of this subsection, the Attorney General may, with the concurrence of the Director of National Intelligence, appoint appropriate supervisory or executive personnel within the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the National Security Agency to authorize electronic surveillance on a United States person in the United States on an emergency basis pursuant to the provisions of this subsection.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) For purposes of this subsection, an intelligence agent or employee acting under the supervision of a supervisor or executive appointed under subparagraph (A) may conduct emergency electronic surveillance under this subsection if such supervisor or executive reasonably determines that--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) an emergency situation exists with respect to the employment of electronic surveillance to obtain foreign intelligence information before an order authorizing such surveillance can with due diligence be obtained; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) the factual basis exists for the issuance of an order approving such surveillance under this title.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) The supervisors and executives appointed by the Attorney General under paragraph (1) may only be officials as follows:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) In the case of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, officials at or above the level of Special Agent in Charge.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) In the case of the National Security Agency, officials at or above the level of head of branch of the National Security Agency.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) A supervisor or executive responsible for the emergency employment of electronic surveillance under this subsection shall submit to the Attorney General a request for approval of the surveillance within 24 hours of the commencement of the surveillance. The request shall set forth the ground for the belief specified in paragraph (1), together with such other information as the Attorney General shall require.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(4)(A) The review of a request under paragraph (3) shall be completed by the official concerned under that paragraph as soon as practicable, but not more than 72 hours after the commencement of the electronic surveillance concerned under paragraph (1).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B)(i) If the official concerned determines that the electronic surveillance does not meet the requirements of paragraph (1), the surveillance shall terminate immediately and may not be recommenced by any supervisor or executive appointed under paragraph (1), or any agent or employee acting under the supervision of such supervisor or executive, absent additional facts or changes in circumstances that lead a supervisor or executive appointed under paragraph (1) to reasonably believe that the requirements of paragraph (1) are satisfied.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) In the event of a determination under clause (i), the Attorney General shall not be required, under section 106(j), to notify any United States person of the fact that the electronic surveillance covered by such determination was conducted before the termination of the surveillance under that clause. However, the official making such determination shall notify the court established by section 103(a) of such determination, and shall also provide notice of such determination in the first report that is submitted under section 108(a) after such determination is made.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) If the official concerned determines that the surveillance meets the requirements of subsection (f), the surveillance may continue, subject to the requirements of paragraph (5).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(5)(A) An application in accordance with this title shall be made to a judge having jurisdiction under section 103 as soon as practicable but not more than 168 hours after the commencement of electronic surveillance under paragraph (1).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) In the absence of a judicial order approving electronic surveillance commenced under paragraph (1), the surveillance shall terminate at the earlier of--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) when the information sought is obtained;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) when the application under subparagraph (A) for an order approving the surveillance is denied; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) 168 hours after the commencement of the surveillance, unless an application under subparagraph (A) is pending, in which case the surveillance may continue for up to an additional 24 hours while the judge has the application under advisement.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) If an application under subparagraph (A) for an order approving electronic surveillance commenced under paragraph (1) is denied, or in any other case in which the surveillance is terminated and no order approving the surveillance is issued by a court, the use of information obtained or evidence derived from the surveillance shall be governed by the provisions of subsection (f).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) The denial of an application submitted under subparagraph (A) may be reviewed as provided in section 103.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(6) Any person who engages in the emergency employment of electronic surveillance under paragraph (1) shall follow the minimization procedures otherwise required by this title for the issuance of a judicial order approving the conduct of electronic surveillance.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(7) Not later than 30 days after appointing supervisors and executives under paragraph (1) to authorize the exercise of authority in that paragraph, the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of National Intelligence, shall submit to the court established by section 103(a), the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate, and the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives, and bring up to date as required, a report that--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) identifies the number of supervisors and executives who have been so appointed and the positions held by such supervisors and executives; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) sets forth guidelines or other directives that describe the responsibilities of such supervisors and executives under this subsection.'.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 203. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE COURT MATTERS.

(a) Authority for Additional Judges- Section 103(a) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1803(a)) is amended--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) by inserting `(1)' after `(a)';CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) in paragraph (1), as so designated, by inserting `at least' before `seven of the United States judicial circuits';CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) by designating the second sentence as paragraph (4) and indenting such paragraph, as so designated, two ems from the left margin; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(4) by inserting after paragraph (1), as so designated, the following new paragraph:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) In addition to the judges designated under paragraph (1), the Chief Justice of the United States may designate as judges of the court established by paragraph (1) such judges appointed under Article III of the Constitution of the United States as the Chief Justice determines appropriate in order to provide for the prompt and timely consideration under section 105 of applications under section 104 for electronic surveillance under this title. Any judge designated under this paragraph shall be designated publicly.'.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Consideration of Emergency Applications- Such section is further amended by inserting after paragraph (2), as added by subsection (a)(4) of this section, the following new paragraph:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) A judge of the court shall make a determination to approve, deny, or seek modification of an application submitted pursuant to section subsection (f) or (g) of section 105 not later than 24 hours after the receipt of such application by the court.'.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 204. DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR APPLICATIONS FOR ORDERS APPROVING ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE.

(a) System Required- The Attorney General shall, in consultation with the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Director of the National Security Agency, and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, develop and implement a secure, classified document management system that permits the prompt preparation, modification, and review by appropriate personnel of the Department of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the National Security Agency, and other applicable elements of the United States Government of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) before their submittal to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Scope of System- The document management system required by subsection (a) shall--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) permit and facilitate the prompt submittal of applications to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court under section 104 or 105(g)(5) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804 and 1805(g)(5)); andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) permit and facilitate the prompt transmittal of rulings of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court to personnel submitting applications described in paragraph (1).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 205. ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL FOR PREPARATION AND CONSIDERATION OF APPLICATIONS FOR ORDERS APPROVING ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE.

(a) Office of Intelligence Policy and Review-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL- The Office of Intelligence Policy and Review of the Department of Justice is hereby authorized such additional personnel as may be necessary to carry out the prompt and timely preparation, modification, and review of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) for orders under section 105 of that Act (50 U.S.C. 1805) approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) ASSIGNMENT- The Attorney General shall assign personnel authorized by paragraph (1) to and among appropriate offices of the National Security Agency in order that such personnel may directly assist personnel of the Agency in preparing applications described in that paragraph.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Federal Bureau of Investigation-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) ADDITIONAL LEGAL AND OTHER PERSONNEL- The National Security Branch of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is hereby authorized such additional legal and other personnel as may be necessary to carry out the prompt and timely preparation of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) for orders under section 105 of that Act (50 U.S.C. 1805) approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) ASSIGNMENT- The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall assign personnel authorized by paragraph (1) to and among the field offices of the Federal Bureau of Investigation in order that such personnel may directly assist personnel of the Bureau in such field offices in preparing applications described in that paragraph.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(c) Additional Legal and Other Personnel for National Security Agency- The National Security Agency is hereby authorized such additional legal and other personnel as may be necessary to carry out the prompt and timely preparation of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) for orders under section 105 of that Act (50 U.S.C. 1805) approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(d) Additional Legal and Other Personnel for Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court- There is hereby authorized for the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court such additional staff personnel as may be necessary to facilitate the prompt and timely consideration by that Court of applications under section 104 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804) for orders under section 105 of that Act (50 U.S.C. 1805) approving electronic surveillance for foreign intelligence purposes. Personnel authorized by this paragraph shall perform such duties relating to the consideration of such applications as that Court shall direct.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(e) Supplement Not Supplant- The personnel authorized by this section are in addition to any other personnel authorized by law.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 206. TRAINING OF FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION AND NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY PERSONNEL IN FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE MATTERS.

The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Director of the National Security Agency shall each, in consultation with the Attorney General--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) develop regulations to establish procedures for conducting and seeking approval of electronic surveillance on an emergency basis, and for preparing and properly submitting and receiving applications and orders, under sections 104 and 105 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1804 and 1805); andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) prescribe related training for the personnel of the applicable agency.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 207. ENHANCEMENT OF ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE AUTHORITY IN WARTIME.

Section 111 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1811) is amended by striking `fifteen calendar days following a declaration of war by the Congress.' and inserting `30 calendar days following any of the following:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) A declaration of war by the Congress.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) An authorization for the use of military force within the meaning of section 2(c)(2) of the War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541(c)(2)).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) A national emergency created by attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or the Armed Forces within the meaning of section 2(c)(3) of the War Powers Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1541(c)(3)).'.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE III--CLARIFICATIONS TO THE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT OF 1978

SEC. 301. ACQUISITION OF FOREIGN-FOREIGN COMMUNICATIONS.

(a) In General- Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act or the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.), no court order shall be required for the acquisition through electronic surveillance of the contents of any communication between one person who is not located within the United States and another person who is not located within the United States for the purpose of collecting foreign intelligence information even if such communication passes through, or the surveillance device is located within, the United States.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Treatment of Intercepted Communications Involving Domestic Party- If surveillance conducted as described in subsection (a) inadvertently collects a communication in which at least one party is within the United States, the contents of such communications shall be handled in accordance with the minimization procedures set forth in section 101(h)(4) of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801(h)(4)).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(c) Definitions- In this section, the terms `contents', `electronic surveillance', and `foreign intelligence information' have the meaning given such terms in section 101 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1801).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 302. INDIVIDUALIZED FISA ORDERS.

Any order issued pursuant to section 105 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (50 U.S.C. 1805) authorizing electronic surveillance shall be supported by an individualized or particularized finding of probable cause to believe the target of the electronic surveillance is a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE IV--OTHER MATTERS

SEC. 401. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this Act and the amendments made by this Act.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 402. EFFECTIVE DATE.

Except as provided in section 103, this Act, and the amendments made by this Act, shall take effect on the date that is 30 days after the date of the enactment of this Act.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink