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To amend the Safe Drinking Water Act to protect the health of susceptible populations, including pregnant women, infants, and children, by requiring a health advisory, drinking water standard, and reference concentration for trichloroethylene vapor intrusion, and for other purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

August 1, 2007CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

Mrs. CLINTON (for herself, Mrs. DOLE, Mrs. BOXER, Mr. LAUTENBERG, and Mr. KERRY, Mr. LIEBERMAN, Mr. NELSON of Florida, and Ms. KLOBUCHAR) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Environment and Public WorksCommentsClose CommentsPermalink

To amend the Safe Drinking Water Act to protect the health of susceptible populations, including pregnant women, infants, and children, by requiring a health advisory, drinking water standard, and reference concentration for trichloroethylene vapor intrusion, and for other purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(a) Short Title- This Act may be cited as the `‘Toxic Chemical Exposure Reduction Act of 2007'8’ or the `‘TCE Reduction Act of 2007'8’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Table of Contents- The table of contents of this Act is as follows:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 2. Findings and purpose.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE I--HEALTH ADVISORY AND NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATION FOR TRICHLOROETHYLENE

Sec. 101. Health advisory and national primary drinking water regulation for trichloroethylene.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE II--REDUCING DANGEROUS VAPOR INTRUSION FROM CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER AND SOILS

Sec. 201. Health advisory and reference concentration for trichloroethylene.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.

(a) Findings- Congress finds that--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) trichloroethylene is a metal degreaser and an ingredient in adhesives and paint removers;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2)(A) waste from the use and improper disposal of chemicals containing trichloroethylene is widespread in soil and water;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) more than 1,000 waste sites in the United States are contaminated with trichloroethylene;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) it is well documented that individuals in many communities are exposed to trichloroethylene and experience associated health risks;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(D) certain human subpopulations might be at increased risk to trichloroethylene exposure because of age, genetic polymorphisms, or preexisting diseases; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(E) in utero exposure to trichloroethylene has been associated with birth defects and childhood diseases, including cancer;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) according to the report of the National Academy of Sciences entitled `‘Assessing the Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene: Key Scientific Issues'’--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) acute exposures to trichloroethylene occurring as a result of occupational industrial accidents are associated with nerve damage and residual neurological deficits, including memory loss;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) high-concentration exposure to air contaminated with trichloroethylene--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(i) causes nervous system damage;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(ii) has been associated with generalized skin eruptions and other more severe skin and mucus membrane conditions, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(iii) can cause liver dysfunction, leading to jaundice, hepatomegaly, and hepatic encephalopathy;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) trichloroethylene in drinking water can alter the therapeutic action of medications, including anticoagulants and barbiturates;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(D) evidence regarding carcinogenic risk and other health hazards from exposure to trichloroethylene has strengthened since 2001, and there is strong evidence that exposure to trichloroethylene in a dose-dependent manner is associated in humans with increased rates of--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(i) kidney cancer; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(ii) leukemia;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(E) exposure to mixtures of volatile organic compound contaminants in groundwater, in combination with trichloroethylene, can accelerate tumor growth in humans; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(F) evidence from animal-related and epidemiological studies suggests that several reproductive and developmental toxicity end-points may be associated with trichloroethylene exposure, including--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(i) infertility in males and females;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(ii) impaired intrauterine growth and development; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(iii) cardiac teratogenesis;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(4) the report referred to in paragraph (3) recommended the use of currently available data to finalize a risk assessment to ensure that risk management decisions can be made expeditiously;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(5)(A) exposures to volatile organic compound vapors from migration to indoor air have become a concern at sites throughout the United States, including many Superfund sites under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.);CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) potential routes of exposure to trichloroethylene exist with respect to susceptible populations, even at sites at which no current drinking water pathways of exposure are known to exist; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) in September 2002, the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response of the Environmental Protection Agency released an external review draft entitled `‘Evaluating the Vapor Intrusion to Indoor Air Pathway from Groundwater and Soils'’ that focuses specifically on those exposures;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(6)(A) in 2006, the United States Geological Survey published a report entitled `‘Volatile Organic Compounds in the Nation'’s Ground Water and Drinking-Water Supply Wells'’;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) as of the date of enactment of this Act, the long-term investigation by the national water-quality assessment program of the United States Geological Survey provides the most comprehensive national analysis of the occurrence of volatile organic compounds in ground water, based on results of sampling between 1985 and 2002; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) among the major findings developed under the program described in subparagraph (B) are--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(i) that volatile organic compounds were detected in most aquifers throughout the United States and were not limited to few specific aquifers or regions;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(ii) the most frequently detected volatile organic compounds are chloroform, the solvents perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene, and the gasoline oxygenate methyl tertiary butyl ether;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(iii) 5 of the 29 regulated volatile organic compounds had 1 or more concentrations greater than applicable maximum contaminant levels that generally occurred in highly populated areas of the United States, including 1,1-DCE, methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and vinyl chloride;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(iv) the solvents perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene comprised approximately 3/4 of the concentrations of potential concern;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(v) trichloroethylene was detected at levels ranging from 0.002 to over 110 micrograms per liter; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(vi) as of the date of enactment of this Act, the maximum contaminant level for trichloroethylene is 5 micrograms per liter; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(7) the document of the Environmental Protection Agency entitled `‘Draft Trichloroethylene Health Risk Assessment: Synthesis and Characterization'’ and dated 2001--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) stated that the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(i) reports that trichloroethylene is the most frequently reported organic contaminant in groundwater; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(ii) has estimated that between 9 and 34 percent of drinking water supply sources have some trichloroethylene contamination; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) recommended extrapolation to lower doses for oral exposure of trichloroethylene in drinking water, resulting in a maximum contaminant level of 1 microgram per liter.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Purpose- The purpose of this Act is to require the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) to establish, by not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this Act--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) a health advisory for trichloroethylene in drinking water that fully protects susceptible populations (including pregnant women, infants, and children), taking into consideration body weight, exposure patterns, and all routes of exposure to trichloroethylene; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) an integrated risk information system reference concentration of trichloroethylene that is protective of the susceptible populations identified in subparagraph (A) from vapor intrusion, taking into consideration the factors described in that subparagraph; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) to promptly establish a national primary drinking water regulation for trichloroethylene that fully protects susceptible populations (including pregnant women, infants, and children), taking into consideration body weight, exposure patterns, and all routes of exposure to trichloroethylene.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE I--HEALTH ADVISORY AND NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATION FOR TRICHLOROETHYLENECommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 101. HEALTH ADVISORY AND NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATION FOR TRICHLOROETHYLENE.

Section 1412(b)(12) of the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300g-1(b)(12)) is amended by adding at the end the following:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) TRICHLOROETHYLENE-` ‘(C) TRICHLOROETHYLENE- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(i) HEALTH ADVISORY- Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of this subparagraph, the Administrator shall publish a health advisory for trichloroethylene that fully protects, with an adequate margin of safety, the health of susceptible populations (including pregnant women, infants, and children), taking into consideration body weight, exposure patterns, and all routes of exposure.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`‘(ii) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATION-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`‘(I) PROPOSED REGULATION- Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subparagraph, the Administrator shall propose a national primary drinking water regulation for trichloroethylene--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`‘(aa) that is protective of susceptible populations (including pregnant women, infants, and children); andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`‘(bb) the maximum contaminant level of which is as close to the maximum contaminant level goal for trichloroethylene, and as protective of those susceptible populations, as is feasible.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`‘(II) FINAL REGULATION- Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this subparagraph, after providing notice and an opportunity for public comment, the Administrator shall promulgate a final national primary drinking water regulation (including a provision for monitoring under subclause (III)) for trichloroethylene that is consistent with subclause (I).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`‘(III) MONITORING REQUIREMENTS-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`‘(aa) DEFINITION OF QUALIFYING SYSTEM- In this subclause, the term `qualifying system'‘qualifying system’ means a public water system that has been granted a monitoring waiver under section 141.24 of volume 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`‘(bb) REQUIREMENTS- The regulation under subclause (II) shall include a provision relating to monitoring that requires--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`‘(AA) that the Administrator shall revise monitoring requirements for all systems to ensure detection of potential trichloroethylene contamination and full compliance with the revised national primary drinking water regulation;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`‘(BB) for each qualifying system located in the vicinity of a subsurface migration of a known volatile organic compound contamination site, that the State with primary enforcement responsibility shall review and submit the waiver of the qualifying system for review by the Administrator; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`‘(CC) each qualifying system potentially located in the path of subsurface migration of a known volatile organic compound be subject to minimum regular monitoring for trichloroethylene, as the Administrator and primary State officials determine to be appropriate.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`‘(iii) CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`‘(I) IN GENERAL- Subject to subclause (II), simultaneously with the promulgation of the final regulation under clause (ii)(II), each consumer confidence report issued under section 1414(c)(4) shall disclose the presence of any trichloroethylene in drinking water, and the potential health risks to susceptible populations (including pregnant women, infants, and children) from exposure to trichloroethylene in drinking water, consistent with regulations promulgated by the Administrator.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) ‘(II) EXCEPTION- Notwithstanding subclause (I), trichloroethylene shall not be considered to be 1 of the 3 regulated contaminants described in the matter following clause (vi) of section 1414(c)(4)(B).'’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE II--REDUCING DANGEROUS VAPOR INTRUSION FROM CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER AND SOILSCommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 201. HEALTH ADVISORY AND REFERENCE CONCENTRATION FOR TRICHLOROETHYLENE.

(a) Health Advisory- Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency (referred to in this section as the `Administrator'‘Administrator’) shall publish a health advisory for trichloroethylene that fully protects from vapor intrusion, with an adequate margin of safety, the health of susceptible populations (including pregnant women, infants, and children), taking into consideration body weight, exposure patterns, and all routes of exposure.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Establishment and Application of Reference Concentration-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) ESTABLISHMENT OF REFERENCE CONCENTRATION- Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall establish an integrated risk information system reference concentration of trichloroethylene vapor that is protective of susceptible populations (including pregnant women, infants, and children), consistent with the health advisory described in subsection (a).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) REMEDIAL ACTION- Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall apply the reference concentration established under paragraph (1) with respect to any potential vapor intrusion-related investigations or actions to protect public health with respect to trichloroethylene exposure carried out pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq.), the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300f et seq.), or the Solid Waste Disposal Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 et seq.).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink