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S 2731 ISRSCommentsClose CommentsPermalink

110th CONGRESS 2d Session S. 2731

To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2009 through 2013 to provide assistance to foreign countries to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and for other purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

March 7, 2008

Mr. BIDEN (for himself, Mr. LUGAR, Mr. KENNEDY, and Mr. SUNUNU, Mr. HAGEL, Mr. KERRY, Mr. DODD, and Mr. DURBIN) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign RelationsCommentsClose CommentsPermalink

A BILL

To authorize appropriations for fiscal years 2009 through 2013 to provide assistance to foreign countries to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and for other purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(a) Short Title- This Act may be cited as the `Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Table of Contents- The table of contents for this Act is as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 2. Findings. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 3. Definitions. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 4. Purpose. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 5. Authority to consolidate and combine reports. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE I--POLICY PLANNING AND COORDINATION

Sec. 101. Development of an updated, comprehensive, 5-year, global strategy. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 102. Interagency working group. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 103. Sense of Congress. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE II--SUPPORT FOR MULTILATERAL FUNDS, PROGRAMS, AND PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS

Sec. 201. Voluntary contributions to international vaccine funds. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 202. Participation in the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 203. Program to facilitate availability of microbicidesResearch on methods for women to prevent transmission of HIV and other diseases. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 204. Combating HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria by strengthening health policies and health systems of partner countries. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 205. Facilitating effective operations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 206. Facilitating vaccine development. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE III--BILATERAL EFFORTS

Subtitle A--General Assistance and Programs

Sec. 301. Assistance to combat HIV/AIDS. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 302. Assistance to combat tuberculosis. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 303. Assistance to combat malaria. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 304. Malaria Response Coordinator. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 305. Amendment to Immigration and Nationality Act. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 306. Clerical amendment. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 3087. Requirements. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 3098. Annual report on prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 309. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission expert panel. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE IV--FUNDING ALLOCATIONS

Sec. 401. Authorization of appropriations. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 402. Sense of Congress. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





Sec. 403. Allocation of funds. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Section 2 of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7601) is amended by adding at the end the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(29) On May 27, 2003, the President signed this Act into law, launching the largest international public health program of its kind ever created. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(30) Between 2003 and 2008, the United States, through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and in conjunction with other bilateral programs and the multilateral Global Fund has helped to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) provide antiretroviral therapy for over 1,900,000 people; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) ensure that over 150,000 infants, most of whom would have likely been infected with HIV during pregnancy or childbirth, were not infected; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) provide palliative care and HIV prevention assistance to millions of other people. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(31) While United States leadership in the battles against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria has had an enormous impact, these diseases continue to take a terrible toll on the human race. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(32) According to the 2007 AIDS Epidemic Update of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) an estimated 2,100,000 people died of AIDS-related causes in 2007; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) an estimated 2,500,000 people were newly infected with HIV during that year. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(33) According to the World Health Organization, malaria kills more than 1,000,000 people per year, 70 percent of whom are children under 5 years of age. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(34) According to the World Health Organization, 1/3 of the world's population is infected with the tuberculosis bacterium, and tuberculosis is 1 of the greatest infectious causes of death of adults worldwide, killing 1,600,000 people per year. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(35) Efforts to promote abstinence, fidelity, the correct and consistent use of condoms, the delay of sexual debut, and the reduction of concurrent sexual partners represent important elements of strategies to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(36) According to UNAIDS-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) women and girls make up nearly 60 percent of persons in sub-Saharan Africa who are HIV positive; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) women and girls are more biologically, economically, and socially vulnerable to HIV infection; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) gender issues are critical components in the effort to prevent HIV/AIDS and to care for those affected by the disease. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(37) Children who have lost a parent to HIV/AIDS, who are otherwise directly affected by the disease, or who live in areas of high HIV prevalence may be vulnerable to the disease or its socioeconomic effects. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(38) Lack of health capacity, including insufficient personnel and inadequate infrastructure, in sub-Saharan Africa and other regions of the world is a critical barrier that limits the effectiveness of efforts to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, and to achieve other global health goals. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(39) On March 30, 2007, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies released a report entitled `PEPFAR Implementation: Progress and Promise', which found that budget allocations setting percentage levels for spending on prevention, care, and treatment and for certain subsets of activities within the prevention category-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) have `adversely affected implementation of the U.S. Global AIDS Initiative'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) have inhibited comprehensive, integrated, evidence based approaches; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) `have been counterproductive'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) `may have been helpful initially in ensuring a balance of attention to activities within the 4 categories of prevention, treatment, care, and orphans and vulnerable children'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) `have also limited PEPFAR's ability to tailor its activities in each country to the local epidemic and to coordinate with the level of activities in the countries' national plans'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) should be removed by Congress and replaced with more appropriate mechanisms that-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) `ensure accountability for results from Country Teams to the U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and to Congress'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) `ensure that spending is directly linked to and commensurate with necessary efforts to achieve both country and overall performance targets for prevention, treatment, care, and orphans and vulnerable children'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(40) The United States Government has endorsed the principles of harmonization in coordinating efforts to combat HIV/AIDS commonly referred to as the `Three Ones', which includes-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) 1 agreed HIV/AIDS action framework that provides the basis for coordination of the work of all partners; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) 1 national HIV/AIDS coordinating authority, with a broadbased multisectoral mandate; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) 1 agreed HIV/AIDS country-level monitoring and evaluating system. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(41) In the Abuja Declaration on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Other Related Infectious Diseases, of April 26-27, 2001 (referred to in this Act as the `Abuja Declaration'), the Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity (OAU)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) declared that they would `place the fight against HIV/AIDS at the forefront and as the highest priority issue in our respective national development plans'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) committed `TO TAKE PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY AND PROVIDE LEADERSHIP for the activities of the National AIDS Commissions/Councils'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) resolved `to lead from the front the battle against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Other Related Infectious Diseases by personally ensuring that such bodies were properly convened in mobilizing our societies as a whole and providing focus for unified national policymaking and programme implementation, ensuring coordination of all sectors at all levels with a gender perspective and respect for human rights, particularly to ensure equal rights for people living with HIV/AIDS'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) pledged `to set a target of allocating at least 15% of our annual budget to the improvement of the health sector'.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

Section 3 of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7602) is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) in paragraph (2), by striking `Committee on International Relations' and inserting `Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives, the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate, and the Committee on Appropriations'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) by redesignating paragraph (6) as paragraph (112); CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (5), as paragraphs (4) through (6), respectively; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(4) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) GLOBAL AIDS COORDINATOR- The term `Global AIDS Coordinator' means the Coordinator of United States Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally.'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





and(5) by inserting after paragraph (5) by inserting after paragraph (6), as redesignated, the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(7) IMPACT EVALUATION RESEARCH- The term `impact evaluation research' means the application of research methods and statistical analysis to measure the extent to which change in a population-based outcome can be attributed to program intervention instead of other environmental factors. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(8) OPERATIONS RESEARCH- The term `operations research' means the application of social science research methods and statistical analysis to judge, compare, and improve policies and program outcomes, from the earliest stages of defining and designing programs through their development and implementation, with the objective of the rapid dissemination of conclusions and concrete impact on programming. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(9) PARAPROFESSIONAL- The term `paraprofessional' means an individual who is trained and employed as a health agent for the provision of basic assistance in the identification, prevention, or treatment of illness or disability. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(10) PARTNER GOVERNMENT- The term `partner government' means a government with which the United States is working to provide assistance to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, or malaria on behalf of people living within the jurisdiction of such government. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(101) PROGRAM MONITORING- The term `program monitoring' means the collection, analysis, and use of routine program data to determine-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) how well a program is carried out; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) how much the program costs.'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(6) by inserting after paragraph (12), as redesignated, the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(13) STRUCTURAL HIV PREVENTION- The term `structural HIV prevention' means activities or programs designed to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) address environmental factors that could create conditions conducive to the spread of HIV; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) determine the best ways to remedy such factors by enhancing life skills and promoting changes in laws, policies, and social norms.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 4. PURPOSE.

Section 4 of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7603) is amended to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`SEC. 4. PURPOSE.

`The purpose of this Act is to strengthen and enhance United States leadership and the effectiveness of the United States response to the HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria pandemics and other related and preventable infectious diseases as part of the overall United States health and development agenda by-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) establishing comprehensive, coordinated, and integrated 5-year, global strategies to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria by-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) building on progress and successes to date; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) improving harmonization of United States efforts with national strategies of partner governments and other public and private entities; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) emphasizing capacity building initiatives in order to promote a transition toward greater sustainability through the support of country-driven efforts; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) providing increased resources for bilateral and multilateral efforts to fight HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria as integrated components of United States development assistance; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) intensifying efforts to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) prevent HIV infection; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) ensure the continued support for, and expanded access to, treatment and care programs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) enhance the effectiveness of prevention, treatment, and care programs; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) address the particular vulnerabilities of girls and women; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(4) encouraging the expansion of private sector efforts and expanding public-private sector partnerships to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(5) reinforcing efforts to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) develop safe and effective vaccines, microbicides, and other prevention and treatment technologies; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) improve diagnostics capabilities for HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(6) helping partner countries to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) strengthen health systems; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) improve human health capacity; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) address infrastructural weaknesses.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 5. AUTHORITY TO CONSOLIDATE AND COMBINE REPORTS.

Section 5 of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7604) is amended by inserting `, with the exception of the 5-year strategy' before the period at the end. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE I--POLICY PLANNING AND COORDINATION

SEC. 101. DEVELOPMENT OF AN UPDATED, COMPREHENSIVE, 5-YEAR, GLOBAL STRATEGY.

(a) Strategy- Section 101(a) of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7611(a)) is amended to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(a) Strategy- The President shall establish a comprehensive, integrated, 5-year strategy to expand and improve efforts to combat global HIV/AIDS. This strategy shall-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) further strengthen the capability of the United States to be an effective leader of the international campaign against this disease and strengthen the capacities of nations experiencing HIV/AIDS epidemics to combat this disease; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) maintain sufficient flexibility and remain responsive to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) changes in the epidemic; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) challenges facing partner countries in developing and implementing an effective national response; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) evidence-based improvements and innovations in the prevention, care, and treatment of HIV/AIDS; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) situate United States efforts to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria within the broader United States global health and development agenda, establishing a roadmap to link investments in specific disease programs to the broader goals of strengthening health systems and infrastructure and to integrate and coordinate HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, or malaria programs with other health or development programs, as appropriate; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(4) provide a plan to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) prevent 12,000,000 new HIV infections worldwide; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) support treatment of at least 3,000,000 individuals with HIV/AIDS and support additional treatment through coordinated multilateral efforts; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) support care for 12,000,000 individuals with HIV/AIDS, including 5,000,000 orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV/AIDS, with an emphasis on promoting a comprehensive, coordinated system of services to be integrated throughout the continuum of care; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) help partner countries in the effort to achieve goals of 80 percent access to counseling, testing, and treatment to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother to child, emphasizing a continuum of care model; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) help partner countries to achieve access for children with HIV to care and treatment servicesprovide care and treatment services to children with HIV in proportion to their percentage within the HIV-infected population in each country; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





and`(F) promote preservice training for health professionals designed to strengthen the capacity of institutions to develop and implement policies for training health workers to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(G) equip teachers with skills needed for HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(H) provide and share best practices for combating HIV/AIDS with health professionals; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) help partner countries to train and support retention of health care professionals and workers, with a goalparaprofessionals, with the target of training and retaining at least 140,000 new health care professionals and workerparaprofessionals and to strengthen capacities in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, to deliver primary health care with the objective of helping countries achieve staffing levels of at least 2.3 doctors, nurses, and midwives per 1,000 population, as called for by the World Health Organization; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(5) include multisectoral approaches and specific strategies to treat individuals infected with HIV/AIDS and to prevent the further transmission of HIV infections, with a particular focus on the needs of families with children (including the prevention of mother-to-child transmission), women, young people, orphans, and vulnerable children; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(6) establish a timetable with annual global treatment targets; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(7) expand the integration of timely and relevant research within the prevention, care, and treatment of HIV/AIDS; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(8) include a plan for program monitoring, operations research, and impact evaluation and for the dissemination of a best practices report to highlight findings; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(9) provide for consultation with local leaders and officials to develop prevention strategies and programs that are tailored to the unique needs of each country and community and targeted particularly toward those most at risk of acquiring HIV infection; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(10) make the reduction of HIV/AIDS behavioral risks a priority of all prevention efforts by-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) promoting abstinence from sexual activity and encouraging monogamy and faithfulness; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) encouraging the correct and consistent use of male and female condoms and increasing the availability of, and access to, these commodities; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) promoting the delay of sexual debut and the reduction of multiple concurrent sexual partners; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) promoting education for discordant couples (where an individual is infected with HIV and the other individual is uninfected or whose status is unknown) about safer sex practices; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) promoting voluntary counseling and testing, addiction therapy, and other prevention and treatment tools for illicit injection drug users and other substance abusers; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) educating men and boys about the risks of procuring sex commercially and about the need to end violent behavior toward women and girls; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(G) supporting comprehensive programs to promote alternative livelihoods, safety, and social reintegration strategies for commercial sex workers and their families; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(H) promoting cooperation with law enforcement to prosecute offenders of trafficking, rape, and sexual assault crimes with the goal of eliminating such crimes; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) working to eliminate rape, gender-based violence, sexual assault, and the sexual exploitation of women and children; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(11) include programs to reduce the transmission of HIV through structural prevention efforts, particularly addressing the heightened vulnerabilities of women and girls to HIV in many countries; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(12) support other important means of preventing or reducing the transmission of HIV, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) medical male circumcision; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) the maintenance of a safe blood supply; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) other nonbehavior change mechanisms to reduce the transmission of HIV; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(13) increase support for prevention of mother-to-child transmission; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(14) build capacity within the public health sector of developing countries by improving health systems and public health infrastructure and developing indicators to measure changes in broader public health sector capabilities; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(15) increase the coordination of HIV/AIDS programs with development programs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(16) provide a framework for expanding or developing existing or new country or regional programs, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) drafting compacts or other agreements, as appropriate; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) establishing criteria and objectives for such compacts and agreements; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) promoting sustainability; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(17) provide a plan for national and regional priorities for resource distribution and a global investment plan by region; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(18) provide a plan to address the immediate and ongoing needs of women and girls, which-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) addresses the vulnerabilities that contribute to their elevated risk of infection; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) includes specific goals and targets to address these factors; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) provides clear guidance to field missions to integrate gender across prevention, care, and treatment programs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) sets forth gender-specific indicators to monitor progress on outcomes and impacts of gender programs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) supports efforts in countries in which women or orphans lack inheritance rights and other fundamental protections to promote the passage, implementation, and enforcement of such laws; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) supports life skills training and other structural prevention activities, especially among women and girls, with the goal of reducing vulnerabilities to HIV/AIDS; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(G) addresses and prevents gender-based violence; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(H) addresses the posttraumatic and psychosocial consequences and provides postexposure prophylaxis protecting against HIV infection to victims of gender-based violence and rape; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(19) provide a plan to address the vulnerabilities and needs of orphans and children who are vulnerable to, or affected by, HIV/AIDS; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(20) provide a framework to work with international actors and partner countries toward universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care programs, recognizing that prevention is of particular importance in terms of sequencing; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(21) enhance the coordination of United States bilateral efforts to combat global HIV/AIDS with other major public and private entities; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(22) enhance the attention given to the national strategic HIV/AIDS plans of countries receiving United States assistance by-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) reviewing the planning and programmatic decisions associated with that assistance; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) helping to strengthen such national strategies, if necessary; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(23) support activities described in the Global Plan to Stop TB, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) expanding and enhancing the coverage of the Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) in order to treat individuals infected with tuberculosis and HIV, including multi-drug resistant or extensively drug resistant tuberculosis; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) improving coordination and integration of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis programming; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(24) ensure coordination between the Global AIDS Coordinator and the Malaria Coordinator and address issues of comorbidity between HIV/AIDS and malaria; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(25) include a longer term estimate of the projected resource needs, progress toward greater sustainability and country ownership of HIV/AIDS programs, and the anticipated role of the United States in the global effort to combat HIV/AIDS during the 10-year period beginning on October 1, 2013.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Report- Section 101(b) of such Act (22 U.S.C. 7611(b)) is amended to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(b) Report- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) IN GENERAL- Not later than October 1, 2009, the President shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that sets forth the strategy described in subsection (a). CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) CONTENTS- The report required under paragraph (1) shall include a discussion of the following elements: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) The purpose, scope, methodology, and general and specific objectives of the strategy. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) The problems, risks, and threats to the successful pursuit of the strategy. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) The desired goals, objectives, activities, and outcome-related performance measures of the strategy. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) A description of future costs and resources needed to carry out the strategy. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) A delineation of United States Government roles, responsibility, and coordination mechanisms of the strategy. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) A description of the strategy-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) to promote harmonization of United States assistance with that of other international, national, and private actors as elucidated in the `Three Ones'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) to address existing challenges in harmonization and alignment. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(G) A description of the manner in which the strategy will-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) further the development and implementation of the national multisectoral strategic HIV/AIDS frameworks of partner governments; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) enhance the centrality, effectiveness, and sustainability of those national plans. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(H) A description of how the strategy will seek to achieve the specific targets described in subsection (a) and other targets, as appropriate. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) A description of, and rationale for, the timetable for annual global treatment targets. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(J) A description of how operations research is addressed in the strategy and how such research can most effectively be integrated into care, treatment, and prevention activities in order to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) improve program quality and efficiency; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) ascertain cost effectiveness; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) ensure transparency and accountability; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iv) assess population-based impact; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(v) disseminate findings and best practices; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vi) optimize delivery of services. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(K) An analysis of United States-assisted strategies to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS, including behavior change methodologies to promote abstinence, monogamy, faithfulness, the correct and consistent use of male and female condoms, reductions in concurrent sexual partners, and delay of sexual debut, and of intended monitoring and evaluation approaches to measure the effectiveness of prevention programs and ensure that they are targeted to appropriate audiences. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(L) Within the analysis required under subparagraph (J), an examination of additional planned means of preventing the transmission of HIV including medical male circumcision, maintenance of a safe blood supply, and other tools. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(M) A description of the specific targets, goals, and strategies developed to address the needs and vulnerabilities of women and girls to HIV/AIDS, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) structural prevention activities; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) activities directed toward men and boys; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) activities to enhance educational, microfinance, and livelihood opportunities for women and girls; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iv) activities to promote and protect the legal empowerment of women, girls, and orphans and vulnerable children; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(v) programs targeted toward gender-based violence and sexual coercion; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vi) strategies to meet the particular needs of adolescents; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vii) assistance for victims of rape, sexual abuse, assault, exploitation, and trafficking; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(viii) programs to prevent alcohol abuse. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(N) A description of strategies-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) to address the needs of orphans and vulnerable children, including an analysis of-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) factors contributing to children's vulnerability to HIV/AIDS; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) vulnerabilities caused by the impact of HIV/AIDS on children and their families; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) in areas of higher HIV/AIDS prevalence, to promote a community-based approach to vulnerability, maximizing community input into determining which children participate. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(O) A description of capacity-building efforts undertaken by countries themselves, including adherents of the Abuja Declaration and an assessment of the impact of International Monetary Fund macroeconomic and fiscal policies on national and donor investments in health. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(P) A description of the strategy to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) strengthen capacity building within the public health sector; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) improve health care in those countries; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) help countries to develop and implement national health workforce strategies; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iv) strive to achieve goals in training, retaining, and effectively deploying health staff; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(v) promote ethical recruiting practices for health care workers; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vi) increase the sustainability of health programs. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(Q) A description of the criteria for selection, objectives, methodology, and structure of compacts or other framework agreements with countries or regional organizations, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) the role of civil society; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) the degree of transparency; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) benchmarks for success of such compacts or agreements; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iv) the relationship between such compacts or agreements and the national HIV/AIDS and public health strategies and commitments of partner countries. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(R) A strategy to better coordinate HIV/AIDS assistance with nutrition and food assistance programs. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(S) A description of transnational or regional initiatives to combat regionalized epidemics in highly affected areas such as the Caribbean. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(T) A description of planned resource distribution and global investment by region. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(U) A description of coordination efforts in order to better implement the Stop TB Strategy and to address the problem of coinfection of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis and of projected challenges or barriers to successful implementation. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(V) A description of coordination efforts to address malaria and comorbidity with malaria and HIV/AIDS.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(c) Study- Section 101(c) of such Act (22 U.S.C. 7611(c)) is amended to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(c) Study of Progress Toward Achievement of Policy Objectives- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) DESIGN AND BUDGET PLAN FOR DATA EVALUATION- The Global AIDS Coordinator shall enter into a contract with the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies that provides that not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008, the Institute, in consultation with the Global AIDS Coordinator and other relevant parties representing the public and private sector, shall provide the Global AIDS Coordinator with a design plan and budget for the evaluation and collection of baseline and subsequent data to address the elements set forth in paragraph (2)(B). The Global AIDS Coordinator shall submit the budget and design plan to the appropriate congressional committees. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) STUDY- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) IN GENERAL- Not later than 4 years after the date of the enactment of the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008, the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies shall publish a study that includes-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) an assessment of the performance of United States-assisted global HIV/AIDS programs; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) an evaluation of the impact on health of prevention, treatment, and care efforts that are supported by United States funding, including multilateral and bilateral programs involving joint operations. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) CONTENT- The study conducted under this paragraph shall include-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) an assessment of progress toward prevention, treatment, and care targets; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) an assessment of the effects on health systems, including on the financing and management of health systems and the quality of service delivery and staffing; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) an assessment of efforts to address gender-specific aspects of HIV/AIDS, including gender related constraints to accessing services and addressing underlying social and economic vulnerabilities of women and men; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iv) an evaluation of the impact of treatment and care programs on 5-year survival rates, drug adherence, and the emergence of drug resistance; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(v) an evaluation of the impact of prevention programs on HIV incidence in relevant population groups; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vi) an evaluation of the impact on child health and welfare of interventions authorized under this Act on behalf of orphans and vulnerable children; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vii) an evaluation of the impact of programs and activities authorized in this Act on child mortality; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(viii) recommendations for improving the programs referred to in subparagraph (A)(i). CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) METHODOLOGIES- Assessments and impact evaluations conducted under the study shall utilize sound statistical methods and techniques for the behavioral sciences, including random assignment methodologies as feasible. Qualitative data on process variables should be used for assessments and impact evaluations, wherever possible. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) CONTRACT AUTHORITY- The Institute of Medicine may enter into contracts or cooperative agreements or award grants to conduct the study under paragraph (2). CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(4) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the study under this subsection.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(d) Report- Section 101 of such Act, as amended by this section, is further amended by adding at the end the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(d) Comptroller General Report- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) REPORT REQUIRED- Not later than 3 years after the date of the enactment of the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008, the Comptroller General of the United States shall submit a report on the global HIV/AIDS programs of the United States to the appropriate congressional committees. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) CONTENTS- The report required under paragraph (1) shall include-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) a description and assessment of the monitoring and evaluation practices and policies in place for these programs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) an assessment of coordination within Federal agencies involved in these programs, examining both internal coordination within these programs and integration with the larger global health and development agenda of the United States; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) an assessment of procurement policies and practices within these programs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) an assessment of harmonization with national government HIV/AIDS and public health strategies as well as other international efforts; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) an assessment of the impact of global HIV/AIDS funding and programs on other United States global health programming; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) recommendations for improving the global HIV/AIDS programs of the United States. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(e) Best Practices Report- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) IN GENERAL- Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008, and annually thereafter, the Global AIDS Coordinator shall publish a best practices report that highlights the programs receiving financial assistance from the United States that have the potential for replication or adaption, particularly at a low cost, across global AIDS programs, including those that focus on both generalized and localized epidemics. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) DISSEMINATION OF FINDINGS- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) PUBLICATION ON INTERNET WEBSITE- The Global AIDS Coordinator shall disseminate the full findings of the annual best practices report on the Internet website of the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) DISSEMINATION GUIDANCE- The Global AIDS Coordinator shall develop guidance to ensure timely submission and dissemination of significant information regarding best practices with respect to global AIDS programs. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(f) Inspectors General- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) OVERSIGHT PLAN- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) DEVELOPMENT- The Inspectors General of the Department of State and Broadcasting Board of Governors, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the United States Agency for International Development shall jointly develop 5 coordinated annual plans for oversight activity in each of the fiscal years 2009 through 2013, with regard to the programs authorized under this Act and section 104As 104A, 104B, and 104C of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b-2, 2151b-3, and 2151b-4). CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) CONTENTS- The plans developed under subparagraph (A) shall include a schedule for financial audits, inspections, and performance reviews, as appropriate. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) SUBMISSION DEADLINE- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) INITIAL PLAN- The first plan developed under subparagraph (A) shall be submitted to the appropriate congressional committeescompleted not later than the later of-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) September 1, 2008; or CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) 60 days after the date of the enactment of the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) SUBSEQUENT PLANS- Each of the last four plans developed under subparagraph (A) shall be submittedcompleted not later than 30 days before each of the fiscal years 2010 andthrough 2013, respectively. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) COORDINATION- In order to avoid duplication and maximize efficiency, the Inspectors General described in paragraph (1) shall coordinate their activities with-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) the Government Accountability Office; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) the Inspectors General of the Department of Commerce, the Department of Defense, the Department of Labor, and the Peace Corps, as appropriate, pursuant to the 2004 Memorandum of Agreement Coordinating Audit Coverage of Programs and Activities Implementing the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, or any successor agreement. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) FUNDING- The Global AIDS Coordinator and the Coordinator of the United States Government Activities to Combat Malaria Globally shall make available necessary funds not exceeding $10,000,000 during the 5-year period beginning on October 1, 2008 to the Inspectors General described in paragraph (1) for the audits, inspections, and reviews described in that paragraph.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 102. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP.

Section 1(f)(2) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2651a(f)(2)) is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) in subparagraph (A), by inserting `, partner country finance, health, and other relevant ministries,' after `community based organizations)' each place it appears; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) in subparagraph (B)(ii)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) by striking subclauses (IV) and (V); CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) by inserting after subclause (III) the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(IV) Establishing an interagency working group on HIV/AIDS headed by the Global AIDS Coordinator and comprised of representatives from the United States Agency for International Development and the Department of Health and Human Services, for the purposes of coordination of activities relating to HIV/AIDS, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`(aa) meeting regularly to review progress in partner countries toward HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care objectives; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`(bb) participating in the process of identifying countries to consider for increased assistance based on the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in those countries, including clear evidence of a public health threat, as well as government commitment to address the HIV/AIDS problem, relative need, and coordination and joint planning with other significant actors; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`(cc) assisting the Coordinator in the evaluation, execution, and oversight of country operational plans; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`(dd) reviewing policies that may be obstacles to reaching targets set forth for HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`(ee) consulting with representatives from additional relevant agencies, including the National Institutes of Health, the Health Resources and Services Administration, the Department of Labor, the Department of Agriculture, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the Peace Corps, and the Department of Defense. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`(V) Coordinating overall United States HIV/AIDS policy and programs, including ensuring the coordination of relevant executive branch agency activities in the field, with efforts led by partner countries, and with the assistance provided by other relevant bilateral and multilateral aid agencies and other donor institutions to promote harmonization with other programs aimed at preventing and treating HIV/AIDS and other health challenges, improving primary health, addressing food security, promoting education and development, and strengthening health care systems.'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) by redesignating subclauses (VII) and VIII) as subclauses (IX) and (XII), respectively; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(D) by inserting after subclause (VI) the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(VII) Holding annual consultations with nongovernmental organizations in partner countries that provide services to improve health, and advocating on behalf of the individuals with HIV/AIDS and those at particular risk of contracting HIV/AIDS, including organizations with members who are living with HIV/AIDS. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(VIII) Ensuring, through interagency and international coordination, that HIV/AIDS programs of the United States are coordinated with, and complementary to, the delivery of related global health, food security, development, and education.'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(E) in subclause (IX), as redesignated by subparagraph (C)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(i) by inserting `Vietnam,' after `Uganda,'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(ii) by inserting after `of 2003' the following: `and other countries in which the United States is implementing HIV/AIDS programs as part of its foreign assistance program'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(iii) by adding at the end the following: `In designating additional countries under this subparagraph, the President shall give priority to those countries in which there is a high prevalence or significantly rising incidence of HIV/AIDS, countries with large populations and inadequate health infrastructure, countries in which a concentrated HIV/AIDS epidemic could become generalized to the entire population of the country, and in countries whose governments demonstrate a commitment to combating HIV/AIDS.'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(F) by inserting after subclause (IX), as redesignated by subparagraph (C), the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(X) Working with partner countries in which the HIV/AIDS epidemic is prevalent among injection drug users to establish, as a national priority, national HIV/AIDS prevention programs, including education and services demonstrated to be effective in reducing the transmission of HIV infection among injection drug users without increasing illicit drug use. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(XI) Working with partner countries in which the HIV/AIDS epidemic is prevalent among individuals involved in commercial sex acts to establish, as a national priority, national prevention programs, including education, voluntary testing, and counseling, and referral systems that link HIV/AIDS programs with programs to eradicate trafficking in persons and support alternatives to prostitution.'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(G) in subclause (XII), as redesignated by subparagraph (C), by striking `funds section' and inserting `funds appropriated for HIV/ AIDS assistance pursuant to the authorization of appropriations under section 401 of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7671)'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(H) by adding at the end the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(XIII) Publicizing updated drug pricing data to inform the purchasing decisions of pharmaceutical procurement partners.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 103. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

Section 102 of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7612) is amended by adding at the end the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(d) Sense of Congress- It is the sense of Congress that-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) full-time country level coordinators, preferably with management experience, should head each HIV/AIDS country team for United States missions overseeing significant HIV/AIDS programs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) foreign service nationals provide critically important services in the design and implementation of United States country-level HIV/AIDS programs and their skills and experience as public health professionals should be recognized within hiring and compensation practices; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) staffing levels for United States country-level HIV/AIDS teams should be adequately maintained to fulfill oversight and other obligations of the positions.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE II--SUPPORT FOR MULTILATERAL FUNDS, PROGRAMS, AND PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS

SEC. 201. VOLUNTARY CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL VACCINE FUNDS.

Section 302 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2222) is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) by inserting after subsection (c) the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(d) Tuberculosis Vaccine Development Programs- In addition to amounts otherwise available under this section, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2009 through 2013, which shall be used for United States contributions to tuberculosis vaccine development programs, which may include the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation.'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) in subsection (k), by striking `fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `fiscal years 2009 through 2013'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) in subsection (l), by striking `fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `fiscal years 2009 through 2013'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(4) in subsection (m), by striking `fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `fiscal years 2009 through 2013'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 202. PARTICIPATION IN THE GLOBAL FUND TO FIGHT AIDS, TUBERCULOSIS AND MALARIA.

(a) Findings; Sense of Congress- Section 202(a) of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7622(a)) is amended to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(a) Findings; Sense of Congress- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) FINDINGS- Congress makes the following findings: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) The establishment of the Global Fund in January 2002 is consistent with the general principles for an international AIDS trust fund first outlined by Congress in the Global AIDS and Tuberculosis Relief Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-264). CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) The Global Fund is an innovative financing mechanism which-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) has made progress in many areas in combating HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) represents the multilateral component of this Act, extending United States efforts to more than 130 countries around the world. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) The Global Fund and United States bilateral assistance programs-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) are demonstrating increasingly effective coordination, with each possessing certain comparative advantages in the fight against HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) often work most effectively in concert with each other. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) The United States Government-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) is the largest supporter of the Global Fund in terms of resources and technical support; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) made the founding contribution to the Global Fund; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) is fully committed to the success of the Global Fund as a multilateral public-private partnership. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) SENSE OF CONGRESS- It is the sense of Congress that-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) transparency and accountability are crucial to the long-term success and viability of the Global Fund; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) the Global Fund has made significant progress toward addressing concerns raised by the Government Accountability Office by-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) improving risk assessment and risk management capabilities; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) providing clearer guidance for and oversight of Local Fund Agents; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) strengthening the Office of the Inspector General for the Global Fund; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) the provision of sufficient resources and authority to the Office of the Inspector General for the Global Fund to ensure that office has the staff and independence necessary to carry out its mandate will be a measure of the commitment of the Global Fund to transparency and accountability; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) regular, publicly published financial, programmatic, and reporting audits of the Fund, its grantees, and Local Fund Agents are also important benchmarks of transparency; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) the Global Fund should establish and maintain a system to track-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) the amount of funds disbursed to each subrecipient on the grant's fiscal cycle; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) the distribution of resources, by grant and principal recipient, for prevention, care, treatment, drug and commodity purchases, and other purposes; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) relevant national authorities in recipient countries should exempt from duties and taxes all products financed by Global Fund grants and procured by any principal recipient or subrecipient for the purpose of carrying out such grants; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(G) the Global Fund, UNAIDS, and the Global AIDS Coordinator should work together to standardize program indicators wherever possible; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(H) for purposes of evaluating total amounts of funds contributed to the Global Fund under subsection (d)(4)(A)(i), the timetable for evaluations of contributions from sources other than the United States should take into account the fiscal calendars of other major contributors.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) United States Financial Participation- Section 202(d) of such Act (22 U.S.C. 7622(d)) is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) in paragraph (1)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) by striking `$1,000,000,000 for the period of fiscal year 2004 beginning on January 1, 2004' and inserting `$2,000,000,000 for fiscal year 2009,'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) by striking `the fiscal years 2005-2008' and inserting `each of the fiscal years 2010 through 2013'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) in paragraph (4)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) in subparagraph (A)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(i) in clause (i), by striking `At any time during fiscal years 2004 through 2008,' and inserting `During each of the fiscal years 2009 through 2013, at an appropriate time of measure, as determined by the Global AIDS Coordinator,fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `fiscal years 2009 through 2013'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(ii) in clause (ii), by striking `during any of the fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `during any of the fiscal years 2009 through 2013'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(iii) in clause (vi)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(I) by striking `for the purposes' and inserting `For the purposes'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(II) by striking `fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `fiscal years 2009 through 2013'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(III) by striking `prior to fiscal year 2004' and inserting `before fiscal year 2009'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) in subparagraph (B)(iv), by striking `fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `fiscal years 2009 through 2013'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) in subparagraph (C)(ii), by striking `Committee on International Relations' and inserting `Committee on Foreign Affairs'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) by adding at the end the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(5) WITHHOLDING FUNDS- Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, 20 percent of the amounts appropriated pursuant to this Act for a contribution to support the Global Fund for each of the fiscal years 2010 through 2013 shall be withheld from obligation to the Global Fund until the Secretary of State certifies to the appropriate congressional committees that the Global Fund-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) has established an evaluation framework for the performance of Local Fund Agents (referred to in this paragraph as `LFAs'); CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) is undertaking a systematic assessment of the performance of LFAs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) is making available for public review, according to the Fund Board's policies and practices on disclosure of information, a regular collection and analysis of performance data of Fund grants, which shall cover principal recipients and subrecipients; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) is maintaining an independent, well-staffed Office of the Inspector General that-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) reports directly to the Board of the Global Fund; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) is responsible for regular, publicly published audits of financial, programmatic, and reporting aspects of the Global Fund, its grantees, and LFAs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) has established, and is reporting publicly on, standard indicators for all program areas; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) has established a methodology to track and is reporting on-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) all subrecipients and the amount of funds disbursed to each subrecipient on the grant's fiscal cycle; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) the distribution of resources, by grant and principal recipient, for prevention, care, treatment, drugs and commodities purchase, and other purposes; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(G) has established a policy on tariffs imposed by national governments on all goods and services financed by the Global Fund; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(H) through its Secretariat, has taken meaningful steps to prevent national authorities in recipient countries from imposing taxes or tariffs on goods or services provided by the Fund; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) is maintaining its status as a financing institution focused on programs directly related to HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(J) is maintaining and making progress on-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) sustaining its multisectoral approach, through country coordinating mechanisms; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) the implementation of grants, as reflected in the proportion of resources allocated to different sectors, including governments, civil society, and faith- and community-based organizations.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 203. PROGRAM TO FACILITATE AVAILABILITY OF MICROBICIDESRESEARCH ON METHODS FOR WOMEN TO PREVENT TRANSMISSION OF HIV AND OTHER DISEASES.

(a) Statement of Policyense of Congress- Congress recognizes the need and urgency to expand the range of interventions for preventing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), including nonvaccine prevention methods that can be controlled by women. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Program AuthorizedNIH Office of AIDS Research- Subpart 1 of part D of title XXIII of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300cc-40 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 2351 the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`SEC. 317T. MICROBICIDE RESEARCH.

`(a) In General- The Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shall fully implement the Centers' microbicide agenda to support research and development of microbicides for use in developing countries to prevent the transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(b) Authorization of Appropriations- There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2013 to carry out this section.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(e) United States Agency for International Development- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) IN GENERAL- The Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, in coordination with the Coordinator of United States Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally, shall develop and implement a program to facilitate widescale availaavailability and accessibility of microbicides that prevent the transmission of HIV afterif such microbicides are proven safe and effective. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(c) Authorization of Appropriations2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 401 of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7671) for HIV/AIDS assistance, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2009 through 2013 to carry out this subsection. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 204. COMBATING HIV/AIDS, TUBERCULOSIS, AND MALARIA BY STRENGTHENING HEALTH POLICIES AND HEALTH SYSTEMS OF PARTNER COUNTRIES.

(a) In General- Title II of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7621) is amended by adding at the end the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`SEC. 204. COMBATING HIV/AIDS, TUBERCULOSIS, AND MALARIA BY STRENGTHENING HEALTH POLICIES AND HEALTH SYSTEMS OF PARTNER COUNTRIES.

`(a) Statement of Policy- It shall be the policy of the United States Government-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) to invest appropriate resources authorized under this Act-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) to carry out activities to strengthen HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria health policies and health systems; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) to provide workforce training and capacity-building consistent with the goals and objectives of this Act; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) to support the development of a sound policy environment in partner countries to increase the ability of such countries-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) to maximize utilization of health care resources from donor countries; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) to increase national investments in health and education and maximize the effectiveness of such investments; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) to improve national HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria strategies; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) to deliver evidence-based services in an effective and efficient manner; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) to reduce barriers that prevent recipients of services from achieving maximum benefit from such services. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(b) Assistance To Improve Public Finance Management Systems- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) IN GENERAL- Consistent with the authority under section 129 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2152), the Secretary of the Treasury, acting through the head of the Office of Technical Assistance, is authorized to provide assistance for advisors and partner country finance, health, and other relevant ministries to improve the effectiveness of public finance management systems in partner countries to enable such countries to receive funding to carry out programs to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria and to manage such programs. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 401 for HIV/AIDS assistance, there are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of the Treasury such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2009 through 2013 to carry out this subsection.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Clerical Amendment- The table of contents for the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7601 note) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 203, as added by section 203 of this Act, the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`Sec. 204. Combating HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria by strengthening health policies and health systems of partner countries.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 205. FACILITATING EFFECTIVE OPERATIONS OF THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION.

Section 307 of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 242l) is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(a) The Secretary may participate with other countries in cooperative endeavors in-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) biomedical research, health care technology, and the health services research and statistical analysis authorized under section 306 and title IX; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) biomedical research, health care services, health care research, or other related activities in furtherance of the activities, objectives or goals authorized under the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008.'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) in subsection (b)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) in paragraph (7), by striking `and' after the semicolon at the end; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) by striking `The Secretary may not, in the exercise of his authority under this section, provide financial assistance for the construction of any facility in any foreign country.' CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





;(C) in paragraph (8), by striking `for any purpose.' and inserting `for the purpose of any law administered by the Office of Personnel Management;'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(D) by adding at the end the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(9) provide such funds by advance or reimbursement to the Secretary of State, as may be necessary, to pay the costs of acquisition, lease, construction, alteration, equipping, furnishing or management of facilities outside of the United States; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(10) in consultation with the Secretary of State, through grant or cooperative agreement, make funds available to public or nonprofit private institutions or agencies in foreign countries in which the Secretary is participating in activities described under subsection (a) to acquire, lease, construct, alter, or renovate facilities in those countries.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) in subsection (c)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) by striking `1990' and inserting `1980'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) by inserting or `or section 903 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4083)' after `Code'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE III--BILATERAL EFFORTS

Subtitle A--General Assistance and Programs

SEC. 301. ASSISTANCE TO COMBAT HIV/AIDS.

(a) Amendments to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) FINDING- Section 104A(a) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b-2(a)) is amended by inserting `Central Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America' after `Caribbean,'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) POLICY- Section 104A(b) of such Act is amended to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(b) Policy- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) OBJECTIVES- It is a major objective of the foreign assistance program of the United States to provide assistance for the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS and the care of those affected by the disease. It is the policy objective of the United States, by 2013, to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) assist partner countries to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) prevent 12,000,000 new HIV infections worldwide; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) support treatment of at least 3,000,000 individuals with HIV/AIDS; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) support additional treatment through coordinated multilateral efforts; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iv) support care for 12,000,000 individuals with HIV/AIDS, including 5,000,000 orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV/AIDS, with an emphasis on promoting a comprehensive, coordinated system of services to be integrated throughout the continuum of care; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(v) provide at least 80 percent of the target population with access to counseling, testing, and treatment to prevent the transmission of HIV from mother-to-child; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vi) provide access for children with HIV to care and treatment servicescare and treatment services to children with HIV in proportion to their percentage within the HIV-infected population of a given partner country; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vii) train health care professionals andand support retention of health care professionals, paraprofessionals, and community health workers in HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care, with a goalthe target of providing such training to at least 140,000 new health care professionals and workerparaprofessionals; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) strengthen the capacity to deliver primary health care in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) help countries achieve staffing levels of at least 2.3 doctors, nurses, and midwives per 1,000 population, as called for by the World Health Organization. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) COORDINATED GLOBAL STRATEGY- The United States and other countries with the sufficient capacity should provide assistance to countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America, and other countries and regions confronting HIV/AIDS epidemics in a coordinated global strategy to help address generalized and concentrated epidemics through HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care, monitoring and evaluation, and related activities. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) PRIORITIES- The United States Government's response to the global HIV/AIDS pandemic and the Government's efforts to help countries assume leadership of sustainable campaigns to combat their local epidemics should place high priority on-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) the prevention of the transmission of HIV; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) moving toward universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention counseling and services.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Authorization- Section 104A(c) of such Act is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) in paragraph (1), by striking `and other countries and areas.' and inserting `Central Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and other countries and areas, particularly with respect to refugee populations or those in postconflict settings in such countries and areas with significant or increasing HIV incidence rates.'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) in paragraph (2), by striking `and other countries and areas affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic' and inserting `Central Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and other countries and areas affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic, particularly with respect to refugee populations or those in post-conflict settings in such countries and areas with significant or increasing HIV incidence rates.'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) in paragraph (3)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) by striking `foreign countries' and inserting `partner countries, other international actors,'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) by inserting `within the framework of the principles of the Three Ones' before the period at the end. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(c) Activities Supported- Section 104A(d) of such Act is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) in paragraph (1)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) in subparagraph (A)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(i) by inserting `and multiple concurrent sexual partnering,' after `casual sexual partnering'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(ii) by striking `condoms' and inserting `male and female condoms'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) in subparagraph (B)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(i) by striking `programs that' and inserting `programs that are designed with local input and'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(ii) by striking `those organizations' and inserting `those locally based organizations'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) in subparagraph (D), by inserting `and promoting the use of provider-initiated or `opt-out' voluntary testing in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines' before the semicolon at the end; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(D) by redesignating subparagraphs (F), (G), and (H) as subparagraphs (H), (I), and (J), respectively; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(E) by inserting after subparagraph (E) the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) assistance to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) achieve the goal of reaching 80 percent of pregnant women for prevention and treatment of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in countries in which the United States is implementing HIV/AIDS programs by 2013; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) promote infant feeding options and treatment protocols that meet the most recent criteria established by the World Health Organization; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(G) medical male circumcision programs as part of national strategies to combat the transmission of HIV/AIDS;'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(F) in subparagraph (I), as redesignated, by striking `and' at the end; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(G) in subparagraph (H), as redesignated-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(i) by striking the period at the end and inserting `, including education and services demonstrated to be effective in reducing the transmission of HIV infection without increasing illicit drug use; and'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(H) by adding at the end the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(K) assistance for counseling, testing, treatment, care, and support programs, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) counseling and other services for the prevention of reinfection of individuals with HIV/AIDS; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) counseling to prevent sexual transmission of HIV, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) life skills development for practicing abstinence and faithfulness; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) reducing the number of sexual partners; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(III) delaying sexual debut; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(IV) ensuring correct and consistent use of condoms; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) assistance to engage underlying vulnerabilities to HIV/AIDS, especially those of women and girls, through structural prevention programs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iv) assistance for appropriate HIV/AIDS education programs and training targeted to prevent the transmission of HIV among men who have sex with men; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(v) assistance to provide male and female condoms; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vi) diagnosis and treatment of other sexually transmitted infections; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vii) strategies to address the stigma and discrimination that impede HIV/AIDS prevention efforts; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(viii) assistance to facilitate widespread access to microbicides for HIV prevention, if safe and effective products become available, including financial and technical support for culturally appropriate introductory programs, procurement, distribution, logistics management, program delivery, acceptability studies, provider training, demand generation, and postintroduction monitoring.'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) in paragraph (2)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking `and' at the end; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) in subparagraph (C)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(i) by inserting `pain management,' after `opportunistic infections,'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(ii) by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) by adding at the end the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) as part of care and treatment of HIV/AIDS, assistance (including prophylaxis and treatment) for common HIV/AIDS-related opportunistic infections for free or at a rate at which it is easily affordable to the individuals and populations being served; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) as part of care and treatment of HIV/AIDS, assistance or referral to available and adequately resourced service providers for nutritional support, including counseling and where necessary the provision of commodities, for persons meeting malnourishment criteria and their families;'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) in paragraph (4)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking `and' at the end; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) by adding at the end the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) carrying out and expanding program monitoring, impact evaluation research and analysis, and operations research and disseminating data and findings through mechanisms to be developed by the Coordinator of United States Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally, in coordination with the Director of the Centers for Disease Control, in order to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) improve accountability, increase transparency, and ensure the delivery of evidence-based services through the collection, evaluation, and analysis of data regarding gender-responsive interventions, disaggregated by age and sex; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) identify and replicate effective models; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) develop gender indicators to measure outcomes and the impacts of interventions; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) establishing appropriate systems to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) gather epidemiological and social science data on HIV; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) evaluate the effectiveness of prevention efforts among men who have sex with men, with due consideration to stigma and risks associated with disclosure.'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(4) in paragraph (5)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (D); and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) MECHANISM TO ENSURE COST-EFFECTIVE DRUG PURCHASING- Subject to subparagraph (B), mechanisms to ensure that safe and effective pharmaceuticals, including antiretrovirals and medicines to treat opportunistic infections, are purchased at the lowest possible price at which such pharmaceuticals may be obtained in sufficient quantity on the world market.'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(5) in paragraph (6)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) by amending the paragraph heading to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(6) RELATED AND COORDINATED ACTIVITIES- '; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) in subparagraph (B), by striking `and' at the end; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) in subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end and inserting `; and'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(D) by adding at the end the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) coordinated or referred activities to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) enhance the clinical impact of HIV/AIDS care and treatment; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) ameliorate the adverse social and economic costs often affecting AIDS-impacted families and communities through the direct provision, as necessary, or through the referral, if possible, of support services, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) nutritional and food support; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) nutritional counseling; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(III) income-generating activities and livelihood initiatives; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(IV) maternal and child health care; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(V) primary health care; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(VI) the diagnosis and treatment of other infectious or sexually transmitted diseases; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(VII) substance abuse and treatment services; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(VIII) legal services; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) coordinated or referred activities to link programs addressing HIV/AIDS with programs addressing gender-based violence in areas of significant HIV prevalence to assist countries in the development and enforcement of women's health, children's health, and HIV/AIDS laws and policies that-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) prevent and respond to violence against women and girls; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) promote the integration of screening and assessment for gender-based violence into HIV/AIDS programming; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) promote appropriate HIV/AIDS counseling, testing, and treatment into gender-based violence programs; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iv) assist governments to develop partnerships with civil society organizations to create networks for psychosocial, legal, economic, or other support services; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) coordinated or referred activities to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) address the frequent coinfection of HIV and tuberculosis, in accordance with World Health Organization guidelines; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) promote provider-initiated or `opt-out' HIV/AIDS counseling and testing and appropriate referral for treatment and care to individuals with tuberculosis or its symptoms, particularly in areas with significant HIV prevalence; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) strengthen programs to ensure that individuals testing positive for HIV receive tuberculosis screening and appropriate screening and to improve laboratory capacities, infection control, and adherence; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(G) activities to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) improve the effectiveness of national responses to HIV/AIDS; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) strengthen overall health systems in high-prevalence countries, including support for workforce training, retention, and effective deployment, capacity building, laboratory development, equipment maintenance and repair, and public health and related public financial management systems and operations.'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(6) by adding at the end the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(8) COMPACTS AND FRAMEWORK AGREEMENTS- The development of compacts or framework agreements, tailored to local circumstances, with national governments or regional partnerships in countries with significant HIV/AIDS burdens to promote host government commitment to deeper integration of HIV/AIDS services into health systems, contribute to health systems overall, and enhance sustainability.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(d) Compacts and Framework Agreements- Section 104A of such Act is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) by redesignating subsections (e) through (g) as subsections (f) through (h); and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(e) Compacts and Framework Agreements- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) FINDINGS- Congress makes the following findings: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) The congressionally mandated Institute of Medicine report entitled `PEPFAR Implementation: Progress and Promise' states: `The next strategy [of the U.S. Global AIDS Initiative] should squarely address the needs and challenges involved in supporting sustainable country HIV/AIDS programs, thereby transitioning from a focus on emergency relief.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) One mechanism to promote the transition from an emergency to a public health and development approach to HIV/AIDS is through compacts or framework agreements between the United States Government and each participating nation. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) Key components of a transition toward a more sustainable approach toward fighting HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria and thus priorities for such compacts include-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) building capacity to expand the size of the trained health care workforce in partner countries and improve its retention, safety, deployment, and utilization of skills and to improve public health infrastructure and systems; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) partner governments increasing their national investments in health and education systems, as called for in the Abuja Declaration; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) increasing the focus of United States government efforts to address the factors that put women and girls at greater risk of HIV/AIDS and to strengthen the legal, economic, educational, and social status of women, girls, orphans, and vulnerable children and encouraging partner governments to do the same; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iv) building on the New Partners Initiative and other efforts currently underway to strengthen the capacities of community- and faith-based organizations and civil society in partner countries to contribute to country efforts to prevent or manage the effects of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria epidemics and to improve health care delivery; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(v) improving the coordination of efforts to combat HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria with broader national health and development strategies; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vi) promoting HIV/AIDS-related laws, regulations, and policies that support voluntary diagnostic counseling and rapid testing, pediatric diagnosis, rapid, tariff-free regulatory procedures for drugs and commodities, and full inclusion of people living with HIV/AIDS in a multisectoral national response;. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vii) sharing and implementing findings based on program evaluations and operations research; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(viii) reducing the disease burden of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria through improved prevention efforts. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) Such compacts should also take into account the overall national health and development and national HIV/AIDS and public health strategies of each country and should contain provisions including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) the specific objectives that the country and the United States expect to achieve during the term of a compact; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) the respective responsibilities of the country and the United States in the achievement of such objectives; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) regular benchmarks to measure, where appropriate, progress toward achieving such objectives; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iv) an identification of the intended beneficiaries, disaggregated by gender and age, and including information on orphans and vulnerable children, to the maximum extent practicable; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(v) the methods by which the compact is intended to address the factors that put women and girls at greater risk of HIV/AIDS and to strengthen the legal, economic, educational, and social status of women, girls, orphans, and vulnerable children; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vi) the methods by which the compact will strengthen the health care capacity, including the training, retention, deployment, and utilization of health care workers, improve supply chain management, and improve the health systems and infrastructure of the partner country, including the ability of compact participants to maintain and operate equipment transferred or purchased as part of the compact; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vii) proposed mechanisms to provide oversight; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(viii) the role of civil society in the development of a compact and the achievement of its objectives; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ix) a description of the current and potential participation of other donors in the achievement of such objectives, as appropriate; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(x) a plan to ensure appropriate fiscal accountability for the use of assistance. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) LOCAL INPUT- In entering into a compact authorized under subsection (d)(8), the Coordinator of United States Government Activities to Combat HIV/AIDS Globally shall seek to ensure that the government of a country-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) takes into account the local perspectives of the rural and urban poor, including women, in each country; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) consults with private and voluntary organizations, including faith-based organizations, the business community, and other donors in the country. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) CONGRESSIONAL AND PUBLIC NOTIFICATION AFTER ENTERING INTO A COMPACT- Not later than 10 days after entering into a compact authorized under subsection (d)(8), the Global AIDS Coordinator shall-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) submit a report containing a detailed summary of the compact and a copy of the text of the compact to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iv) the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) publish such information in the Federal Register and on the Internet website of the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(e) Annual Report- Section 104A(f) of such Act, as redesignated, is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) in paragraph (1), by striking `Committee on International Relations' and inserting `Committee on Foreign Affairs'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) in paragraph (2)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) in subparagraph (B), by striking `and' at the end; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) a detailed breakdown of funding allocations, by program and by country, for prevention activities; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) a detailed assessment of the impact of programs established pursuant to such sections, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i)(I) the effectiveness of such programs in reducing-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(aa) the transmission of HIV, particularly in women and girls; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(bb) mother-to-child transmission of HIV, including through drug treatment and therapies, either directly or by referral; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(cc) mortality rates from HIV/AIDS; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) the number of patients receiving treatment for AIDS in each country that receives assistance under this Act; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(III) an assessment of progress towards the achievement of annual goals set forth in the timetable required under the 5-year strategy established under section 101 of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 and, if annual goals are not being met, the reasons for such failure; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(IV) retention and attrition data for programs receiving United States assistance, including mortality and loss to follow-up rates, organized overall and by country; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) the progress made toward-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) improving health care delivery systems (including the training of health care workers, including doctors, nurses, midwives, pharmacists, laboratory technicians, and compensated community health workers); CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) advancing safe working conditions for health care workers; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(III) improving infrastructure to promote progress toward universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care by 2013; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) with respect to tuberculosis-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) the increase in the number of people treated and the number of tuberculosis patients cured through each program, project, or activity receiving United States foreign assistance for tuberculosis control purposes through, or in coordination with, HIV/AIDS programs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) a description of drug resistance rates among persons treated; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(III) the percentage of such United States foreign assistance provided for diagnosis and treatment of individuals with tuberculosis in countries with the highest burden of tuberculosis, as determined by the World Health Organization; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(IV) a detailed description of efforts to integrate HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis prevention, treatment, and care programs; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iv) a description of coordination efforts with relevant executive branch agencies to link HIV/AIDS clinical and social services with non-HIV/AIDS services as part of the United States health and development agenda; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(v) a detailed description of integrated HIV/AIDS and food and nutrition programs and services, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) the amount spent on food and nutrition support; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) the types of activities supported; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(III) an assessment of the effectiveness of interventions carried out to improve the health status of persons with HIV/AIDS receiving food or nutritional support; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vi) a description of efforts to improve harmonization, in terms of relevant executive branch agencies, coordination with other public and private entities, and coordination with partner countries' national strategic plans as called for in the `Three Ones'; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(vii) a description of-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) the efforts of partner countries that were signatories to the Abuja Declaration on HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Other Related Infectious Diseases to adhere to the goals of such Declaration in terms of investments in public health, including HIV/AIDS; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) a description of the HIV/AIDS investments of partner countries that were not signatories to such Declaration; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(viii) a detailed description of any compacts or framework agreements reached or negotiated between the United States and any partner countries, including a description of the elements of compacts described in subsection (e); CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ix) a description of programs serving women and girls, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) HIV/AIDS prevention programs that address the vulnerabilities of girls and women to HIV/AIDS; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) information on the number of individuals served by programs aimed at reducing the vulnerabilities of women and girls to HIV/AIDS and data on the types, objectives, and duration of programs to address these issues; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(III) information on programs to address the particular needs of adolescent girls and young women; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(IV) programs to prevent gender-based violence or to assist victims of gender based violence as part, of or in coordination with, HIV/AIDS programs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(x) a description of strategies, goals, programs, and interventions to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) address the needs and vulnerabilities of youth populations; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) expand access among young men and women to evidence-based HIV/AIDS health care services and HIV prevention programs, including abstinence education programs; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(III) expand community-based services to meet the needs of orphans and of children and adolescents affected by or vulnerable to HIV/AIDS without increasing stigmatization; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(xi) a description of-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) the specific strategies funded to ensure the reduction of HIV infection among injection drug users; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) the number of injection drug users, by country, reached by such strategies; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(III) medication-assisted drug treatment for individuals with HIV or at risk of HIV; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(IV) HIV prevention programs demonstrated to be effective in reducing HIV transmission without increasing drug use; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(xii) a detailed description of program monitoring, operations research, and impact evaluation research, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) the amount of funding provided for each research type; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(II) an analysis of cost-effectiveness models; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(III) conclusions regarding the efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of services as derived from previous or ongoing research and monitoring efforts; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(xiii) a description of staffing levels of United States government HIV/AIDS teams in countries with significant HIV/AIDS programs, including whether or not a full-time coordinator was on staff for the year.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(f) Authorization of Appropriations- Section 301(b) of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7631(b)) is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) in paragraph (1), by striking `fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `fiscal years 2009 through 2013'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) in paragraph (3), by striking `fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `fiscal years 2009 through 2013'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(g) Relationship to AssistanceTo Assistance Programs To Enhance Nutrition- Section 301(c) of such Act is amended to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(c) Food and Nutritional Support- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) IN GENERAL- As indicated in the report produced by the Institute of Medicine, entitled `PEPFAR Implementation: Progress and Promise', inadequate caloric intake has been clearly identified as a principal reason for failure of clinical response to antiretroviral therapy. In recognition of the impact of malnutrition as a clinical health issue for many persons living with HIV/AIDS that is often associated with health and economic impacts on these individuals and their families, the Global AIDS Coordinator and the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development shall-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) follow World Health Organization guidelines for HIV/AIDS food and nutrition services; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) integrate nutrition programs with HIV/AIDS activities through effective linkages among the health, agricultural, and livelihood sectors and establish additional services in circumstances in which referrals are inadequate or impossible; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) provide, as a component of care and treatment programs for persons with HIV/AIDS, food and nutritional support to individuals infected with, and affected by, HIV/AIDS who meet established criteria for nutritional support (including clinically malnourished children and adults, and pregnant and lactating women in programs in need of supplemental support), including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(i) anthropometric and dietary assessment; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(ii) counseling; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(iii) therapeutic and supplementary feeding; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) provide food and nutritional support for children affected by HIV/AIDS and to communities and households caring for children affected by HIV/AIDS; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) in communities where HIV/AIDS and food insecurity are highly prevalent, support programs to address these often intersecting health problems through community-based assistance programs, with an emphasis on sustainable approaches. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- Of the amounts authorized to be appropriated under section 401, there are authorized to be appropriated to the President such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2009 through 2013 to carry out this subsection.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(h) Eligibility for Assistance- Section 301(d) of such Act is amended to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(d) Eligibility for Assistance- An organization, including a faith-based organization, that is otherwise eligible to receive assistance under section 104A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, under this Act, or under any amendment made by this Act or by the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008, to prevent, treat, or monitor HIV/AIDS-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) shall not be required, as a condition of receiving such assistance-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) to endorse or utilize a multisectoral or comprehensive approach to combating HIV/AIDS; or CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) to endorse, utilize, make a referral to, become integrated with, or otherwise participate in a prevention method or treatment programny program or activity to which the organization has a religious or moral objection; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) shall not be discriminated against in the solicitation or issuance of grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements under such provisions of law for refusing to meet any requirement described in paragraph (1).'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 302. ASSISTANCE TO COMBAT TUBERCULOSIS.

(a) Policy- Section 104B(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b-3(b)) is amended to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(b) Policy- It is a major objective of the foreign assistance program of the United States to control tuberculosis. In all countries in which the Government of the United States has established development programs, particularly in countries with the highest burden of tuberculosis and other countries with high rates of tuberculosis, the United States Government should prioritize the achievement of the following goals by not later than December 31, 2015: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) Reduce by half the tuberculosis death and disease burden from the 1990 baseline. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) Sustain or exceed the detection of at least 70 percent of sputum smear-positive cases of tuberculosis and the cure of at least 85 percent of those cases detected.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Priority To Stop TB Strategy- Section 104B(e) of such Act is amended to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(e) Priority To Stop TB Strategy- In furnishing assistance under subsection (c), the President shall give priority to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) activities described in the Stop TB Strategy, including expansion and enhancement of Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) coverage, rapid testing, treatment for individuals infected with both tuberculosis and HIV, and treatment for individuals with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), strengthening of health systems, use of the International Standards for Tuberculosis Care by all providers, empowering individuals with tuberculosis, and enabling and promoting research to develop new diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines, and program-based operational research relating to tuberculosis; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) funding for the Global Tuberculosis Drug Facility, the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership, and the Global Alliance for TB Drug Development.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(c) Assistance for the World Health Organization and the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership- Section 104B of such Act is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) by inserting after subsection (e) the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(f) Assistance for the World Health Organization and the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership- In carrying out this section, the President, acting through the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, is authorized to provide increased resources to the World Health Organization and the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership to improve the capacity of countries with high rates of tuberculosis and other affected countries to implement the Stop TB Strategy and specific strategies related to addressing multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB).'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(d) Definitions- Section 104B(g) of such Act, as redesignated, is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) in paragraph (1), by striking the period at the end and inserting the following: `including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) low-cost and effective diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of tuberculosis; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) a reliable drug supply; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) a management strategy for public health systems; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) health system strengthening; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) promotion of the use of the International Standards for Tuberculosis Care by all care providers; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) bacteriology under an external quality assessment framework; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(G) short-course chemotherapy; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(H) sound reporting and recording systems.'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (6); and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(5) STOP TB STRATEGY- The term `Stop TB Strategy' means the 6-point strategy to reduce tuberculosis developed by the World Health Organization, which is described in the Global Plan to Stop TB 2006-2015: Actions for Life, a comprehensive plan developed by the Stop TB Partnership that sets out the actions necessary to achieve the millennium development goal of cutting tuberculosis deaths and disease burden in half by 2015.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(e) Authorization of Appropriations- Section 302 (b) of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7632(b)) is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) in paragraph (1), by striking `such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `a total of $4,000,000,000 for the 5-year period beginning on October 1, 2008.'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) in paragraph (3), by striking `fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `fiscal years 2009 through 2013.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 303. ASSISTANCE TO COMBAT MALARIA.

(a) Amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961- Section 104C(b) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151-4(b)) is amended by inserting `treatment,' after `control,'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Authorization of Appropriations- Section 303 of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7633) is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) in subsection (b)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) in paragraph (1), by striking `such sums as may be necessary for fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `$5,000,000,000 during the 5-year period beginning on October 1, 2008'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) in paragraph (3), by striking `fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `fiscal years 2009 through 2013'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) by adding at the end the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(c) Statement of Policy- Providing assistance for the prevention, control, treatment, and the ultimate eradication of malaria is-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) a major objective of the foreign assistance program of the United States; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) 1 component of a comprehensive United States global health strategy to reduce disease burdens and strengthen communities around the world. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(d) Development of a Comprehensive 5-Year Strategy- The President shall establish a comprehensive, 5-year strategy to combat global malaria that-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) strengthens the capacity of the United States to be an effective leader of international efforts to reduce malaria burden; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) maintains sufficient flexibility and remains responsive to the ever-changing nature of the global malaria challenge; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) includes specific objectives and multisectoral approaches and strategies to reduce the prevalence, mortality, incidence, and spread of malaria; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(4) describes how this strategy would contribute to the United States' overall global health and development goals; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(5) clearly explains how outlined activities will interact with other United States Government global health activities, including the 5-year global AIDS strategy required under this Act; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(6) expands public-private partnerships and leverage of resources; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(7) coordinates among relevant Federal agencies to maximize human and financial resources and to reduce duplication among these agencies, foreign governments, and international organizations; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(8) coordinates with other international entities, including the Global Fund; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(9) maximizes United States capabilities in the areas of technical assistance and training and research, including vaccine research; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(10) establishes priorities and selection criteria for the distribution of resources based on factors such as-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) the size and demographics of the population with malaria; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) the needs of that population; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) the country's existing infrastructure; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) the ability to closely coordinate United States Government efforts with national malaria control plans of partner countries.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 304. MALARIA RESPONSE COORDINATOR.

Section 304 of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7634) is amended to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`SEC. 304. MALARIA RESPONSE COORDINATOR.

`(a) In General- There is established within the United States Agency for International Development a Coordinator of United States Government Activities to Combat Malaria Globally (referred to in this section as the `Malaria Coordinator'), who shall be appointed by the President. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(b) Authorities- The Malaria Coordinator, acting through nongovernmental organizations (including faith-based and community-based organizations), partner country finance, health, and other relevant ministries, and relevant executive branch agencies as may be necessary and appropriate to carry out this section, is authorized to-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) operate internationally to carry out prevention, care, treatment, support, capacity development, and other activities to reduce the prevalence, mortality, and incidence of malaria; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) provide grants to, and enter into contracts and cooperative agreements with, nongovernmental organizations (including faith-based organizations) to carry out this section; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) transfer and allocate executive branch agency funds that have been appropriated for the purposes described in paragraphs (1) and (2). CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(c) Duties- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) IN GENERAL- The Malaria Coordinator has primary responsibility for the oversight and coordination of all resources and international activities of the United States Government relating to efforts to combat malaria. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) SPECIFIC DUTIES- The Malaria Coordinator shall-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) facilitate program and policy coordination of antimalaria efforts among relevant executive branch agencies and nongovernmental organizations by auditing, monitoring, and evaluating such programs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) ensure that each relevant executive branch agency undertakes antimalarial programs primarily in those areas in which the agency has the greatest expertise, technical capability, and potential for success; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) coordinate relevant executive branch agency activities in the field of malaria prevention and treatment; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) coordinate planning, implementation, and evaluation with the Global AIDS Coordinator in countries in which both programs have a significant presence; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) coordinate with national governments, international agencies, civil society, and the private sector; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) establish due diligence criteria for all recipients of funds appropriated by the Federal Government for malaria assistance. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(d) Assistance for the World Health Organization- In carrying out this section, the President may provide financial assistance to the Roll Back Malaria Partnership of the World Health Organization to improve the capacity of countries with high rates of malaria and other affected countries to implement comprehensive malaria control programs. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(e) Coordination of Assistance Efforts- In carrying out this section and in accordance with section 104C of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b-4), the Malaria Coordinator shall coordinate the provision of assistance by working with-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) relevant executive branch agencies, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) the Department of State (including the Office of the Global AIDS Coordinator); CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) the Department of Health and Human Services; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) the Department of Defense; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) the Office of the United States Trade Representative; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) relevant multilateral institutions, including-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) the World Health Organization; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) the United Nations Children's Fund; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) the United Nations Development Programme; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) the Global Fund; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) the World Bank; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) the Roll Back Malaria Partnership; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) program delivery and efforts to lift barriers that would impede effective and comprehensive malaria control programs; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(4) partner or recipient country governments and national entities including universities and civil society organizations (including faith- and community-based organizations). CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(f) Research- To carry out this section and in accordance with section 104C of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 1151d-4), the Secretary of Health and Human Services, through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health, shall conduct appropriate programmatically relevant clinical and operational research to identify and evaluate new diagnostics, treatment regimens, and interventions to prevent and control malaria. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(g) Monitoring- To ensure that adequate malaria controls are established and implemented, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shall carry out appropriate surveillance and evaluation activities to monitor global malaria trends and assess environmental and health impacts of malarial control efforts. Such activities shall complement the work of the World Health Organization, rather than duplicate such work. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(h) Annual Report- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) SUBMISSION- Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008, and annually thereafter, the President shall submit a report to the appropriate congressional committees that describes United States assistance for the prevention, treatment, control, and elimination of malaria. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) CONTENTS- The report required under paragraph (1) shall describe-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) the countries and activities to which malaria resources have been allocated; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) the number of people reached through malaria assistance programs, including data on children and pregnant women; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(C) research efforts to develop new tools to combat malaria, including drugs and vaccines; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(D) the collaboration and coordination of United States antimalarial efforts with the World Health Organization, the Global Fund, the World Bank, other donor governments, major private efforts, and relevant executive agencies; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(E) the coordination of United States antimalarial efforts with the national malarial strategies of other donor or partner governments and major private initiatives; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(F) the estimated impact of United States assistance on childhood mortality and morbidity from malaria; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(G) the coordination of antimalarial efforts with broader health and development programs; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(H) the constraints on implementation of programs posed by health workforce shortages or capacities; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(I) the number of personnel trained as health workers and the training levels achieved.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 305. AMENDMENT TO IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT.

Section 212(a)(1)(A)(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(a)(1)(A)(i)) is amended by striking `, which shall include infection with the etiologic agent for acquired immune deficiency syndrome,' and inserting a semicolon. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 306. CLERICAL AMENDMENT.

Title III of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7631 et seq.) is amended by striking the heading for subtitle B and inserting the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

`Subtitle B--Assistance for Women, Children, and Families'.

SEC. 3087. REQUIREMENTS.

Section 312(b) of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7652(b)) is amended by striking paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) and inserting the following: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) establish a target for the prevention and treatment of mother-to-child transmission of HIV that, by 2013, will reach at least 80 percent of pregnant women in those countries most affected by HIV/AIDS in which the United States has HIV/AIDS programs; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) establish a target that, by 2013, the proportion of children receiving care and treatment under this Act is proportionate to their numbers within the population of HIV infected individuals in each country; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) integrate care and treatment with prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programs to improve outcomes for HIV-affected women and families as soon as is feasible and support strategies that promote successful follow-up and continuity of care of mother and child; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(4) expand programs designed to care for children orphaned by, affected by, or vulnerable to HIV/AIDS; CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(5) ensure that women in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programs are provided with, or referred to, appropriate maternal and child services; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(6) develop a timeline for expanding access to more effective regimes to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, consistent with the national policies of countries in which programs are administered under this Act and the goal of achieving universal use of such regimes as soon as possible.'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 3098. ANNUAL REPORT ON PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV.

Section 313(a) of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7653(a)) is amended by striking `5 years' and inserting `10 years'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

TITLE IV--FUNDING ALLOCATIONS

SEC. 401. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

(a) In General- Section 401(a) of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7671(a)) is amended by striking `$3,000,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2004 through 2008' and inserting `$50,000,000,000 for the 5-year period beginning on October 1, 2008'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Sense of Congress- It is the sense of the Congress that the appropriations authorized under section 401(a) of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003, as amended by subsection (a), should be allocated among fiscal years 2009 through 2013 in a manner that allows for the appropriations to be gradually increased in a manner that is consistent with program requirements, absorptive capacity, and priorities set forth in such Act, as amended by this Act. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 402. SENSE OF CONGRESS.

Section 402(b) of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7672(b)) is amended by striking `an effective distribution of such amounts would be' and all that follows through `10 percent of such amounts' and inserting `10 percent should be used'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 403. ALLOCATION OF FUNDS.

Section 403 of the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (22 U.S.C. 7673) is amended-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) by amending subsection (a) to read as follows: CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(a) Balanced Funding Requirement- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(1) IN GENERAL- The Global AIDS Coordinator shall-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) provide balanced funding for prevention activities for sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) ensure that behavioral change programs, including abstinence, delay of sexual debut, monogamy, fidelity, and partner reduction, are implemented and funded in a meaningful and equitable way in the strategy for each host country based on objective epidemiological evidence as to the source of infections and in consultation with the government of each host county involved in HIV/AIDS prevention activities. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(2) PREVENTION STRATEGY- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) ESTABLISHMENT- In carrying out paragraph (1), the Global AIDS Coordinator shall establish a HIV sexual transmission prevention strategy governing the expenditure of funds authorized under this Act to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV in any host country with a generalized epidemic. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) REPORT- In each host country described in subparagraph (A), if the strategy established under subparagraph (A) provides less than 50 percent of the funds described in subparagraph (A) for behavioral change programs, including abstinence, delay of sexual debut, monogamy, fidelity, and partner reduction, the Global AIDS Coordinator shall, not later than 30 days after the issuance of this strategy, report to the appropriate congressional committees on the justification for this decision. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(3) EXCLUSION- Programs and activities that implement or purchase new prevention technologies or modalities, such as medical male circumcision, pre-exposure pharmaceutical prophylaxis to prevent transmission of HIV, or microbicides and programs and activities that provide counseling and testing for HIV or prevent mother-to-child prevention of HIV, shall not be included in determining compliance with paragraph (2). CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(4) REPORT- Not later than 1 year after the date of the enactment of the Tom Lantos and Henry J. Hyde United States Global Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Reauthorization Act of 2008, and annually thereafter as part of the annual report required under section 104A(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2151b-2(e)), the President shall-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(A) submit a report on the implementation of paragraph (2) for the most recently concluded fiscal year to the appropriate congressional committees; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





`(B) make the report described in subparagraph (A) available to the public.'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) in subsection (b)-- CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) by striking `fiscal years 2006 through 2008' and inserting `fiscal years 2009 through 2013'; and CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) by striking `vulnerable children affected by' and inserting `other children affected by, or vulnerable to,'. CommentsClose CommentsPermalink