Most commented sections:

• Paragraph 17 (4 comments)
• Paragraph 20 (2 comments)
• Paragraph 36 (2 comments)

HR 1913 IHCommentsClose CommentsPermalink

To provide Federal assistance to States, local jurisdictions, and Indian tribes to prosecute hate crimes, and for other purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

April 2, 2009CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

Mr. CONYERS (for himself, Mr. FRANK of Massachusetts, Mr. ABERCROMBIE, Mr. ACKERMAN, Ms. BALDWIN, Ms. BERKLEY, Mr. BERMAN, Mrs. BIGGERT, Mr. BISHOP of Georgia, Mr. BLUMENAUER, Mrs. BONO MACK, Mr. BRALEY of Iowa, Ms. CORRINE BROWN of Florida, Mr. CAO, Mrs. CAPPS, Mr. CASTLE, Ms. CASTOR of Florida, Mr. CLAY, Mr. CUMMINGS, Mr. DELAHUNT, Mr. DRIEHAUS, Mr. GENE GREEN of Texas, Mr. ISRAEL, Ms. KILROY, Mr. KIRK, Mr. KUCINICH, Mr. LANCE, Mrs. MALONEY, Ms. MCCOLLUM, Mr. MCGOVERN, Mr. MOORE of Kansas, Mr. MORAN of Virginia, Mr. NADLER of New York, Mr. OLVER, Mr. PETERS, Mr. POLIS of Colorado, Ms. ROS-LEHTINEN, Mr. SERRANO, Ms. SLAUGHTER, Ms. VELAZQUEZ, Ms. WASSERMAN SCHULTZ, Ms. WATSON, and Ms. WOOLSEY) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the JudiciaryCommentsClose CommentsPermalink

To provide Federal assistance to States, local jurisdictions, and Indian tribes to prosecute hate crimes, and for other purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ‘Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2009’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

Congress makes the following findings:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) The incidence of violence motivated by the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability of the victim poses a serious national problem.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) Such violence disrupts the tranquility and safety of communities and is deeply divisive.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) State and local authorities are now and will continue to be responsible for prosecuting the overwhelming majority of violent crimes in the United States, including violent crimes motivated by bias. These authorities can carry out their responsibilities more effectively with greater Federal assistance.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(4) Existing Federal law is inadequate to address this problem.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(5) A prominent characteristic of a violent crime motivated by bias is that it devastates not just the actual victim and the family and friends of the victim, but frequently savages the community sharing the traits that caused the victim to be selected.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(6) Such violence substantially affects interstate commerce in many ways, including the following:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) The movement of members of targeted groups is impeded, and members of such groups are forced to move across State lines to escape the incidence or risk of such violence.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) Members of targeted groups are prevented from purchasing goods and services, obtaining or sustaining employment, or participating in other commercial activity.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) Perpetrators cross State lines to commit such violence.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(D) Channels, facilities, and instrumentalities of interstate commerce are used to facilitate the commission of such violence.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(E) Such violence is committed using articles that have traveled in interstate commerce.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(7) For generations, the institutions of slavery and involuntary servitude were defined by the race, color, and ancestry of those held in bondage. Slavery and involuntary servitude were enforced, both prior to and after the adoption of the 13th amendment to the Constitution of the United States, through widespread public and private violence directed at persons because of their race, color, or ancestry, or perceived race, color, or ancestry. Accordingly, eliminating racially motivated violence is an important means of eliminating, to the extent possible, the badges, incidents, and relics of slavery and involuntary servitude.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(8) Both at the time when the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Constitution of the United States were adopted, and continuing to date, members of certain religious and national origin groups were and are perceived to be distinct ‘races’. Thus, in order to eliminate, to the extent possible, the badges, incidents, and relics of slavery, it is necessary to prohibit assaults on the basis of real or perceived religions or national origins, at least to the extent such religions or national origins were regarded as races at the time of the adoption of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the Constitution of the United States.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(9) Federal jurisdiction over certain violent crimes motivated by bias enables Federal, State, and local authorities to work together as partners in the investigation and prosecution of such crimes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(10) The problem of crimes motivated by bias is sufficiently serious, widespread, and interstate in nature as to warrant Federal assistance to States, local jurisdictions, and Indian tribes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 3. DEFINITION OF HATE CRIME.

In this Act--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) the term ‘crime of violence’ has the meaning given that term in section 16, title 18, United States Code;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) the term ‘hate crime’ has the meaning given such term in section 280003(a) of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (28 U.S.C. 994 note); andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) the term ‘local’ means a county, city, town, township, parish, village, or other general purpose political subdivision of a State.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 4. SUPPORT FOR CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS AND PROSECUTIONS BY STATE, LOCAL, AND TRIBAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS.

(a) Assistance Other Than Financial Assistance-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) IN GENERAL- At the request of a State, local, or Tribal law enforcement agency, the Attorney General may provide technical, forensic, prosecutorial, or any other form of assistance in the criminal investigation or prosecution of any crime that--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) constitutes a crime of violence;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) constitutes a felony under the State, local, or Tribal laws; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) is motivated by prejudice based on the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability of the victim, or is a violation of the State, local, or Tribal hate crime laws.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) PRIORITY- In providing assistance under paragraph (1), the Attorney General shall give priority to crimes committed by offenders who have committed crimes in more than one State and to rural jurisdictions that have difficulty covering the extraordinary expenses relating to the investigation or prosecution of the crime.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Grants-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) IN GENERAL- The Attorney General may award grants to State, local, and Indian law enforcement agencies for extraordinary expenses associated with the investigation and prosecution of hate crimes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) OFFICE OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS- In implementing the grant program under this subsection, the Office of Justice Programs shall work closely with grantees to ensure that the concerns and needs of all affected parties, including community groups and schools, colleges, and universities, are addressed through the local infrastructure developed under the grants.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) APPLICATION-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) IN GENERAL- Each State, local, and Indian law enforcement agency that desires a grant under this subsection shall submit an application to the Attorney General at such time, in such manner, and accompanied by or containing such information as the Attorney General shall reasonably require.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) DATE FOR SUBMISSION- Applications submitted pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be submitted during the 60-day period beginning on a date that the Attorney General shall prescribe.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) REQUIREMENTS- A State, local, and Indian law enforcement agency applying for a grant under this subsection shall--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(i) describe the extraordinary purposes for which the grant is needed;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(ii) certify that the State, local government, or Indian tribe lacks the resources necessary to investigate or prosecute the hate crime;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(iii) demonstrate that, in developing a plan to implement the grant, the State, local, and Indian law enforcement agency has consulted and coordinated with nonprofit, nongovernmental violence recovery service programs that have experience in providing services to victims of hate crimes; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(iv) certify that any Federal funds received under this subsection will be used to supplement, not supplant, non-Federal funds that would otherwise be available for activities funded under this subsection.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(4) DEADLINE- An application for a grant under this subsection shall be approved or denied by the Attorney General not later than 30 business days after the date on which the Attorney General receives the application.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(5) GRANT AMOUNT- A grant under this subsection shall not exceed $100,000 for any single jurisdiction in any 1-year period.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(6) REPORT- Not later than December 31, 2011, the Attorney General shall submit to Congress a report describing the applications submitted for grants under this subsection, the award of such grants, and the purposes for which the grant amounts were expended.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(7) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS- There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection $5,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2010 and 2011.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 5. GRANT PROGRAM.

(a) Authority To Award Grants- The Office of Justice Programs of the Department of Justice may award grants, in accordance with such regulations as the Attorney General may prescribe, to State, local, or Tribal programs designed to combat hate crimes committed by juveniles, including programs to train local law enforcement officers in identifying, investigating, prosecuting, and preventing hate crimes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Authorization of Appropriations- There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 6. AUTHORIZATION FOR ADDITIONAL PERSONNEL TO ASSIST STATE, LOCAL, AND TRIBAL LAW ENFORCEMENT.

There are authorized to be appropriated to the Department of Justice, including the Community Relations Service, for fiscal years 2010, 2011, and 2012, such sums as are necessary to increase the number of personnel to prevent and respond to alleged violations of section 249 of title 18, United States Code, as added by section 7 of this Act.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 7. PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN HATE CRIME ACTS.

(a) In General- Chapter 13 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

‘Sec. 249. Hate crime acts

‘(a) In General-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) OFFENSES INVOLVING ACTUAL OR PERCEIVED RACE, COLOR, RELIGION, OR NATIONAL ORIGIN- Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law, willfully causes bodily injury to any person or, through the use of fire, a firearm, or an explosive or incendiary device, attempts to cause bodily injury to any person, because of the actual or perceived race, color, religion, or national origin of any person--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(A) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, fined in accordance with this title, or both; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life, fined in accordance with this title, or both, if--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(i) death results from the offense; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(ii) the offense includes kidnaping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) OFFENSES INVOLVING ACTUAL OR PERCEIVED RELIGION, NATIONAL ORIGIN, GENDER, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, GENDER IDENTITY, OR DISABILITY-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(A) IN GENERAL- Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law, in any circumstance described in subparagraph (B), willfully causes bodily injury to any person or, through the use of fire, a firearm, or an explosive or incendiary device, attempts to cause bodily injury to any person, because of the actual or perceived religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability of any person--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(i) shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years, fined in accordance with this title, or both; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(ii) shall be imprisoned for any term of years or for life, fined in accordance with this title, or both, if--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(I) death results from the offense; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(II) the offense includes kidnaping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) CIRCUMSTANCES DESCRIBED- For purposes of subparagraph (A), the circumstances described in this subparagraph are that--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(i) the conduct described in subparagraph (A) occurs during the course of, or as the result of, the travel of the defendant or the victim--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(I) across a State line or national border; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(II) using a channel, facility, or instrumentality of interstate or foreign commerce;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(ii) the defendant uses a channel, facility, or instrumentality of interstate or foreign commerce in connection with the conduct described in subparagraph (A);CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(iii) in connection with the conduct described in subparagraph (A), the defendant employs a firearm, explosive or incendiary device, or other weapon that has traveled in interstate or foreign commerce; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(iv) the conduct described in subparagraph (A)--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(I) interferes with commercial or other economic activity in which the victim is engaged at the time of the conduct; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(II) otherwise affects interstate or foreign commerce.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(b) Certification Requirement- No prosecution of any offense described in this subsection may be undertaken by the United States, except under the certification in writing of the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, the Associate Attorney General, or any Assistant Attorney General specially designated by the Attorney General that--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) such certifying individual has reasonable cause to believe that the actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability of any person was a motivating factor underlying the alleged conduct of the defendant; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) such certifying individual has consulted with State or local law enforcement officials regarding the prosecution and determined that--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(A) the State does not have jurisdiction or does not intend to exercise jurisdiction;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) the State has requested that the Federal Government assume jurisdiction;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(C) the State does not object to the Federal Government assuming jurisdiction; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(D) the verdict or sentence obtained pursuant to State charges left demonstratively unvindicated the Federal interest in eradicating bias-motivated violence.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(c) Definitions-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) In this section--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(A) the term ‘explosive or incendiary device’ has the meaning given such term in section 232 of this title; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) the term ‘firearm’ has the meaning given such term in section 921(a) of this title.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) For the purposes of this chapter, the term ‘gender identity’ means actual or perceived gender-related characteristics.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(d) Rule of Evidence- In a prosecution for an offense under this section, evidence of expression or associations of the defendant may not be introduced as substantive evidence at trial, unless the evidence specifically relates to that offense. However, nothing in this section affects the rules of evidence governing impeachment of a witness.’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Technical and Conforming Amendment- The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 13 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new item:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘249. Hate crime acts.’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 8. STATISTICS.

(a) In General- Subsection (b)(1) of the first section of the Hate Crimes Statistics Act (28 U.S.C. 534 note) is amended by inserting ‘gender and gender identity,’ after ‘race,’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Data- Subsection (b)(5) of the first section of the Hate Crimes Statistics Act (28 U.S.C. 534 note) is amended by inserting ‘, including data about crimes committed by, and crimes directed against, juveniles’ after ‘data acquired under this section’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 9. SEVERABILITY.

If any provision of this Act, an amendment made by this Act, or the application of such provision or amendment to any person or circumstance is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this Act, the amendments made by this Act, and the application of the provisions of such to any person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 10. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in this Act, or the amendments made by this Act, shall be construed to prohibit any expressive conduct protected from legal prohibition by, or any activities protected by the free speech or free exercise clauses of, the First Amendment to the Constitution.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink