S 1261 ISCommentsClose CommentsPermalink

To repeal title II of the REAL ID Act of 2005 and amend title II of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to better protect the security, confidentiality, and integrity of personally identifiable information collected by States when issuing driver’s licenses and identification documents, and for other purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

June 15, 2009CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

Mr. AKAKA (for himself, Mr. VOINOVICH, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. TESTER, Mr. BAUCUS, and Mr. CARPER) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental AffairsCommentsClose CommentsPermalink

To repeal title II of the REAL ID Act of 2005 and amend title II of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 to better protect the security, confidentiality, and integrity of personally identifiable information collected by States when issuing driver’s licenses and identification documents, and for other purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ‘Providing for Additional Security in States’ Identification Act of 2009’ or the ‘PASS ID Act’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 2. REPEAL.

Title II of the REAL ID Act of 2005 (Division B of Public Law 109-13) is repealed.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 3. IDENTIFICATION SECURITY.

(a) In General- Title II of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 121 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

‘Subtitle E--Improved Security for Driver’s Licenses and Personal Identification CardsCommentsClose CommentsPermalink

‘SEC. 241. DEFINITIONS.

‘In this subtitle:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) Driver’S LICENSE- The term ‘driver’s license’ means a motor vehicle operator’s license, as defined in section 30301 of title 49, United States Code.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) IDENTIFICATION CARD- The term ‘identification card’ means a personal identification card, as defined in section 1028(d) of title 18, United States Code, issued by a State.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(3) MATERIALLY COMPLIANT- A State is ‘materially compliant’ if the State has certified to the Secretary that the State has commenced issuing driver’s licenses and identification cards that are compliant with the requirements of this subtitle.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(4) OFFICIAL PURPOSE- The term ‘official purpose’ means--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(A) accessing Federal facilities that contain mission functions critical to homeland security, national security, or defense;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) accessing nuclear power plants; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(C) boarding federally regulated commercial aircraft.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(5) SECRETARY- The term ‘Secretary’ means the Secretary of Homeland Security.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(6) STATE- The term ‘State’ means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

‘SEC. 242. MINIMUM DOCUMENT REQUIREMENTS AND ISSUANCE STANDARDS FOR FEDERAL RECOGNITION.

‘(a) Minimum Standards for Federal Use-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) IN GENERAL- Beginning 1 year after the date on which final regulations are issued to implement this subtitle, pursuant to section 5 of the PASS ID Act--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(A) a Federal agency may not accept, for any official purpose, a driver’s license or identification card issued by a State to any person unless the State is materially compliant; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) no person shall be denied boarding a commercial aircraft solely on the basis of failure to present a driver’s license or identification card issued pursuant to this subtitle.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) AGENCY ACCEPTANCE- Beginning 6 years after the date on which final regulations are issued to implement this subtitle, pursuant to section 5 of the PASS ID Act, a Federal agency may not accept, for any official purpose, a driver’s license or identification card unless the license or card complies with subsection (b).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(3) STATE CERTIFICATIONS- The Secretary shall determine whether a State is meeting the requirements of this section based on certifications made by the State to the Secretary. Such certifications shall be made at such times and in such manner as the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, may prescribe by regulation.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(4) CERTIFICATION OF OTHER IDENTIFICATION DOCUMENTS- The Secretary may certify any driver’s license or identification card, including an Enhanced Driver’s License designated by the Secretary under section 7209 of the 9/11 Commission Implementation Act of 2004, as compliant with the requirements of this subtitle if the Secretary, after review, determines such license or card meets the requirements of this subtitle.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(b) Minimum Document Requirements- To meet the requirements of this section, a State shall include, at a minimum, the following information and features on each driver’s license and identification card issued to a person by the State:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) The person’s legal name.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) The person’s date of birth.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(3) The person’s gender.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(4) The person’s driver’s license or identification card number.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(5) A digital photograph of the person.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(6) The person’s address of principal residence, except--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(A) as provided for under section 827 of the Violence Against Women Act (Public Law 109-162); orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) for any individual who a State determines should be exempted from the requirement under this paragraph to protect the safety or security of the applicant.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(7) The person’s signature.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(8) A combination of security features designed to protect the physical integrity of the document, including the prevention of tampering, counterfeiting, or duplication of the document for fraudulent purposes.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(9) A common machine-readable technology, containing the data elements available on the face of a driver’s license or identification card. A person’s social security number may not be included in these data elements.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(10) A unique symbol designated by the Secretary to indicate compliance with the requirements under this section.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(c) Minimum Issuance Standards-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) IN GENERAL- To meet the requirements of this section, for all driver’s licenses and identification cards issued under this subtitle at least 1 year after the date on which final regulations are issued to implement this subtitle, pursuant to section 5 of the PASS ID Act, a State shall require, at a minimum, presentation and validation of the following information before issuing a driver’s license or identification card to a person:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(A) A photo identity document, except that a non-photo identity document is acceptable if it includes both the person’s full name and date of birth.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) Documentation showing the person’s date of birth.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(C) Proof of the person’s social security account number or verification that the person is not eligible for a social security account number.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(D) Documentation showing the person’s name and address of principal residence.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(A) IN GENERAL- To meet the requirements of this section, a State shall comply with the minimum standards of this paragraph.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) EVIDENCE OF LAWFUL STATUS- Before issuing a driver’s license or identification card to a person, a State shall verify that the person--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(i) is a citizen or national of the United States;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(ii) has been granted lawful permanent residence in the United States;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(iii) has been granted asylum or withholding of removal, or has been admitted into the United States as a refugee;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(iv) has been granted temporary residence in the United States;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(v) has been paroled into the United States under section 212(d)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1182(d)(5)), subject to such exceptions as the Secretary, in the Secretary’s unreviewable discretion, may prescribe for aliens paroled into the United States for prosecution or other categories of paroled aliens;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(vi) is a lawful nonimmigrant in the United States;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(vii) has a pending application for asylum or withholding of removal and has been granted employment authorization;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(viii) has been granted temporary protected status in the United States or has a pending application for temporary protective status and has been granted employment authorization;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(ix) has been granted deferred action status;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(x) has a pending application for adjustment of status to that of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States or conditional permanent resident status in the United States;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(xi) has otherwise been granted employment authorization in the United States; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(xii) is otherwise an alien lawfully present in the United States, as determined by the Secretary in the Secretary’s unreviewable discretion.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(C) TEMPORARY DRIVER’S LICENSES AND IDENTIFICATION CARDS-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(i) IN GENERAL- If a person presents evidence under any of clauses (iv) through (xii) of subparagraph (B), the State may only issue a temporary driver’s license or temporary identification card to the person that is valid for a time period ending not later than the expiration date of the applicant’s authorized stay in the United States or, if there is no such expiration date, for a period not to exceed 1 year. The Secretary may, in the Secretary’s unreviewable discretion, authorize the issuance of temporary driver’s licenses or temporary identification cards, for periods longer than 1 year, to employees of international organizations and to other nonimmigrant aliens who are authorized to remain in the United States for an indefinite period.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(ii) DISPLAY OF EXPIRATION DATE- A temporary driver’s license or temporary identification card issued pursuant to this subparagraph shall clearly state the date on which it expires.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(iii) RENEWAL- A temporary driver’s license or temporary identification card issued pursuant to this subparagraph may be renewed only upon verification of the applicant’s current lawful status.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(3) VALIDATION OF DOCUMENTS- To meet the requirements of this section, a State--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(A) shall not accept any foreign document, other than an official passport, to satisfy a requirement of paragraph (1) or (2); andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) not later than 1 year after the date on which final regulations are issued to implement this subtitle, pursuant to section 5 of the PASS ID Act, shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with the Secretary to routinely utilize the automated system known as Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements established under section 121 of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-603), to verify the legal presence status of a person, other than a United States citizen or national, who is applying for a driver’s license or identification card.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(d) Other Requirements- To meet the requirements of this section, a State shall adopt the following practices in the issuance of driver’s licenses and identification cards:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1)(A) Employ technology to capture digital images of identity source documents so that the images can be retained in electronic storage in a transferrable format for at least as long as the applicable driver’s license or identification card is valid; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) retain paper copies of source documents for at least as long as the applicable driver’s license or identification card is valid.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) Subject each person who submits an application for a driver’s license or identification card to mandatory facial image capture.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(3) Establish an effective procedure to confirm or verify a renewing applicant’s information.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(4) Confirm with the Social Security Administration a social security account number presented by a person using the full social security account number. In the event that a social security account number is already registered to or associated with another person to which any State has issued a driver’s license or identification card, the State may use any appropriate procedures to resolve nonmatches.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(5) Establish an effective procedure to confirm that a person submitting an application for a driver’s license or identification card is terminating or has terminated any driver’s license or identification card issued pursuant to this section to such person by a State.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(6) Provide for the physical security of locations where driver’s licenses and identification cards are produced and the security of document materials and papers from which driver’s licenses and identification cards are produced.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(7) Establish appropriate administrative and physical safeguards to protect the security, confidentiality, and integrity of personally identifiable information collected and maintained at locations at which driver’s licenses or identification documents are produced or stored, including--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(A) procedures to prevent the unauthorized access to, or use of, personally identifiable information;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) public notice of security and privacy policies, including the use, storage, access to, and sharing of personally identifiable information;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(C) the establishment of a process through which individuals may access, amend, and correct, as determined appropriate by the State, their own personally identifiable information.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(8) Subject all persons authorized to manufacture or produce driver’s licenses and identification cards to appropriate security clearance requirements.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(9) Establish fraudulent document recognition and document validation training programs for appropriate employees engaged in the issuance of driver’s licenses and identification cards.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(10) Limit the period of validity of all driver’s licenses and identification cards that are not temporary to a period that does not exceed 8 years.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(e) Exceptions Process-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) IN GENERAL- States shall establish an exceptions process to reasonably accommodate persons who, for extraordinary reasons beyond their control, are unable to present the necessary documents listed in subsection (c)(1).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) ALTERNATIVE DOCUMENTS- Alternative documents accepted under an exceptions process established pursuant to paragraph (1) may not be used to demonstrate lawful presence under subsection (c)(2) unless such documents establish that the person is a citizen or national of the United States.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(3) REPORT- States shall include a report on the use of exceptions made under this subsection, which shall not include any personally identifiable information, as a component of the certification required under subsection (a)(3).CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(f) Use of Federal Systems- States shall not be required to pay fees or other costs associated with the use of the automated systems known as Systematic Alien Verification for Entitlements and Social Security On-Line Verification, or any other Federal electronic system, in connection with the issuance of driver’s licenses or identification cards, in accordance with this subtitle.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(g) Rule of Construction- Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit a State from issuing driver’s licenses and identification cards that do not comply with the requirements of this section.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

‘SEC. 243. USE OF FALSE DRIVER’S LICENSE AT AIRPORTS.

‘(a) In General- The Secretary shall enter, into the appropriate aviation security screening database, appropriate information regarding any person convicted of using a false driver’s license at an airport.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(b) Definitions- In this section:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) AIRPORT- The term ‘airport’ has the meaning given such term under section 40102 of title 49, United States Code.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) FALSE- The term ‘false’ has the meaning given such term under section 1028(d) of title 18, United States Code.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

‘SEC. 244. GRANTS TO STATES.

‘(a) Establishment-CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) IN GENERAL- There is established a State Driver’s License Enhancement Grant Program to award grants to assist States in conforming to the minimum standards set forth in this subtitle.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) DISTRIBUTION OF GRANTS- The Secretary, through the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, shall distribute grants awarded under this section to States that submit an application as follows:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(A) PROPORTIONAL ALLOCATION- Not less than 2/3 of the amounts appropriated for grants under this section shall be allocated to each State in the ratio that--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(i) the number of driver’s licenses and identification cards issued by such State in the most recently ended calendar year; bears toCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(ii) the number of driver’s licenses and identifications cards issued by all States in the most recently ended calendar year.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) REMAINING ALLOCATION- The Secretary may allocate to States any amounts appropriated for grants under this section that are not allocated under subparagraph (A) in such manner as, in the Secretary’s discretion, will most effectively assist in achieving the goals of this subtitle.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(C) MINIMUM ALLOCATION- In allocating funds under this section, the Secretary shall ensure that for each fiscal year--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(i) except as provided under clause (ii), each State receives not less than an amount equal to 0.35 percent of the total funds appropriated for grants under this section for that fiscal year; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(ii) American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the Virgin Islands each receive not less than an amount equal to 0.08 percent of the total funds appropriated for grants under this section for that fiscal year.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(b) Authorization of Appropriations- There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary, for each of the fiscal years 2010 through 2015, such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

‘SEC. 245. STATE-TO-STATE ONE DRIVER, ONE LICENSE DEMONSTRATION PROJECT.

‘(a) Establishment- The Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation, shall establish a State-to-State 1 driver, 1 license demonstration project.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(b) Purpose- The demonstration project established under this section shall include an evaluation of the feasibility of establishing an electronic system to verify that an applicant for a driver’s license or identification card issued in accordance with this subtitle does not retain a driver’s license or identification card issued in accordance with this subtitle by another State.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(c) Requirements- The demonstration project shall include a review of--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) the costs affiliated with establishing and maintaining an electronic records system;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) the security and privacy measures necessary to protect the integrity and physical security of driver’s licenses; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(3) the appropriate governance structure to ensure effective management of the electronic records system, including preventing the unauthorized use of information in the system, and ensuring the security and confidentiality of personally identifiable information.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(d) Savings Provision- Nothing in this section may be construed to--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) authorize the creation of a national database of driver’s license information; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) authorize States direct access to the motor vehicle database of another State.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(e) Authorization of Appropriations- There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary for each of the fiscal years 2010 through 2012 such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

‘SEC. 246. AUTHORITY.

‘(a) Participation of Secretary of Transportation and States- All authority to issue regulations, set standards, and issue grants under this subtitle shall be carried out by the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Transportation and the States.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(b) Extensions of Deadlines- The Secretary may grant to a State an extension of time to meet the requirements of section 242(a)(1) if the State provides adequate justification for noncompliance.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

‘SEC. 247. LIMITATION ON STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION.

‘Nothing in this subtitle may be construed to--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) affect the authorities or responsibilities of the Secretary of Transportation or the States under chapter 303 of title 49, United States Code; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2) preempt State privacy laws that are more protective of personal privacy than the requirements of this subtitle or the standards or regulations promulgated to implement this subtitle, provided that such State laws are consistent with this subtitle and the regulations prescribed pursuant to this subtitle.’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Technical Amendment- Section 1(b) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296) is amended by inserting after the item relating to section 235 the following:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

‘Subtitle E--Improved Security for Driver’s Licenses and Personal Identification Cards

‘Sec. 241. Definitions.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘Sec. 242. Minimum document requirements and issuance standards for Federal recognition.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘Sec. 243. Use of false driver’s license at airports.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘Sec. 244. Grants to States.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘Sec. 245. State-to-State one driver, one license demonstration project.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘Sec. 246. Authority.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘Sec. 247. Limitation on statutory construction.’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 4. USE OF DRIVER’S LICENSE OR IDENTIFICATION CARD DATA BY PRIVATE ENTITIES.

Chapter 123 of title 18, United States Code is amended--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) in section 2722, by adding at the end the following:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(c) Copying Information From Drivers Licenses or Identification Cards- It shall be unlawful for any person, knowingly and without lawful authority--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) to scan the information contained in the machine readable component of a driver’s license or identification card; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(2)(A) to resell, share or trade that information with any other third parties;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(B) track the use of a driver’s license or identification card; orCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(C) store the information collected.’;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) in section 2724(a), by inserting ‘driver’s license, or identification card,’ after ‘motor vehicle record,’;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) in section 2725--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (6), and adding ‘and’ at the end;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (7);CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(C) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (3), and striking ‘and’ at the end;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(D) by redesignating paragraph (5) as paragraph (2), and striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(E) by redesignating paragraph (1) as paragraph (5);CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(F) by inserting before paragraph (2), as redesignated, the following:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(1) ‘driver’s license’ means a motor vehicle operator’s license, as defined in section 30301 of title 49, United States Code;’; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(G) by inserting after paragraph (3), as redesignated, the following:CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





‘(4) ‘identification card’ means a personal identification card, as defined in section 1028(d) of title 18, United States Code, issued by a State.’.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 5. RULEMAKING.

(a) In General- Not later than 9 months after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, after providing notice and an opportunity for public comment shall issue final regulations to implement subtitle E of title II of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as added by section 3.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Content- The regulations issued pursuant to subsection (a)--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) shall include procedures and requirements that--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(A) protect the privacy rights of individuals who apply for and hold a driver’s license or personal identification card;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(B) protect the constitutional rights and civil liberties of individuals who apply for and hold a driver’s licenses or personal identification card;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) shall include procedures to protect any personally identifiable information electronically transmitted;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(3) shall establish a process through which individuals may access, amend, and correct, as determined appropriate by the Secretary, their own personally identifiable information in any Federal databases used in complying with this Act;CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(4) may not require a single design or numbering system to which driver’s licenses or personal identification cards issued by all States shall conform; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(5) shall only apply to driver’s licenses or identification cards issued pursuant to subtitle E of title II of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as added by section 3.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink

SEC. 6. SAVINGS PROVISION.

(a) Effect of Repeal- Nothing in section 2 shall affect the amendment or the repeal set forth in sections 203(a) and 206 of the REAL ID Act of 2005.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(b) Effect of Completed Administrative Actions- Completed personnel actions, agreements, grants, and contracts undertaken by an agency--CommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(1) shall not be affected by any provision of this Act, or any amendment made by this Act; andCommentsClose CommentsPermalink





(2) shall continue in effect according to their terms until amended, modified, superseded, terminated, set aside, or revoked by an officer of the United States, by a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation of law.CommentsClose CommentsPermalink